Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a relevant component of the surface moisture budget and is associated with different drivers. The interrelated drivers cause variations at daily to interannual timescales. This study uses structural equation modeling to diagnose the drivers over an ensemble of 45 high-lati...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:66e89574156541d29d40af8fee67b035 2023-05-15T15:09:59+02:00 Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling Sarah M. Thunberg Eugénie S. Euskirchen John E. Walsh Kyle M. Redilla 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101359 https://doaj.org/article/66e89574156541d29d40af8fee67b035 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/10/1359 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12101359 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/66e89574156541d29d40af8fee67b035 Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1359, p 1359 (2021) evapotranspiration moisture Arctic tundra boreal forest Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101359 2022-12-31T04:42:23Z Evapotranspiration (ET) is a relevant component of the surface moisture budget and is associated with different drivers. The interrelated drivers cause variations at daily to interannual timescales. This study uses structural equation modeling to diagnose the drivers over an ensemble of 45 high-latitude sites, each of which provides at least several years of in situ measurements, including latent heat fluxes derived from eddy covariance flux towers. The sites are grouped by vegetation type (tundra, forest) and the presence or absence of permafrost to determine how the relative importance of different drivers depends on land surface characteristics. Factor analysis is used to quantify the common variance among the variables, while a path analysis procedure is used to assess the independent contributions of different variables. The variability of ET at forest sites generally shows a stronger dependence on relative humidity, while ET at tundra sites is more temperature-limited than moisture-limited. The path analysis shows that ET has a stronger direct correlation with solar radiation than with any other measured variable. Wind speed has the largest independent contribution to ET variability. The independent contribution of solar radiation is smaller because solar radiation also affects ET through various other drivers. The independent contribution of wind speed is especially apparent at forest wetland sites. For both tundra and forest vegetation, temperature loads higher on the first factor when permafrost is present, implying that ET will become less sensitive to temperature as permafrost thaws. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic permafrost Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmosphere 12 10 1359 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
evapotranspiration moisture Arctic tundra boreal forest Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
evapotranspiration moisture Arctic tundra boreal forest Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Sarah M. Thunberg Eugénie S. Euskirchen John E. Walsh Kyle M. Redilla Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
topic_facet |
evapotranspiration moisture Arctic tundra boreal forest Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a relevant component of the surface moisture budget and is associated with different drivers. The interrelated drivers cause variations at daily to interannual timescales. This study uses structural equation modeling to diagnose the drivers over an ensemble of 45 high-latitude sites, each of which provides at least several years of in situ measurements, including latent heat fluxes derived from eddy covariance flux towers. The sites are grouped by vegetation type (tundra, forest) and the presence or absence of permafrost to determine how the relative importance of different drivers depends on land surface characteristics. Factor analysis is used to quantify the common variance among the variables, while a path analysis procedure is used to assess the independent contributions of different variables. The variability of ET at forest sites generally shows a stronger dependence on relative humidity, while ET at tundra sites is more temperature-limited than moisture-limited. The path analysis shows that ET has a stronger direct correlation with solar radiation than with any other measured variable. Wind speed has the largest independent contribution to ET variability. The independent contribution of solar radiation is smaller because solar radiation also affects ET through various other drivers. The independent contribution of wind speed is especially apparent at forest wetland sites. For both tundra and forest vegetation, temperature loads higher on the first factor when permafrost is present, implying that ET will become less sensitive to temperature as permafrost thaws. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sarah M. Thunberg Eugénie S. Euskirchen John E. Walsh Kyle M. Redilla |
author_facet |
Sarah M. Thunberg Eugénie S. Euskirchen John E. Walsh Kyle M. Redilla |
author_sort |
Sarah M. Thunberg |
title |
Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
title_short |
Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
title_full |
Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
title_fullStr |
Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diagnosis of Atmospheric Drivers of High-Latitude Evapotranspiration Using Structural Equation Modeling |
title_sort |
diagnosis of atmospheric drivers of high-latitude evapotranspiration using structural equation modeling |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101359 https://doaj.org/article/66e89574156541d29d40af8fee67b035 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1359, p 1359 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/10/1359 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12101359 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/66e89574156541d29d40af8fee67b035 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101359 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
1359 |
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1766341067790090240 |