Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition
The Southern Ocean is a critical component of Earth's climate system, but its remoteness makes it challenging to develop a holistic understanding of its processes from the small scale to the large scale. As a result, our knowledge of this vast region remains largely incomplete. The Antarctic Ci...
Published in: | Earth System Dynamics |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 https://doaj.org/article/65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e 2023-05-15T14:05:18+02:00 Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition S. Landwehr M. Volpi F. A. Haumann C. M. Robinson I. Thurnherr V. Ferracci A. Baccarini J. Thomas I. Gorodetskaya C. Tatzelt S. Henning R. L. Modini H. J. Forrer Y. Lin N. Cassar R. Simó C. Hassler A. Moallemi S. E. Fawcett N. Harris R. Airs M. H. Derkani A. Alberello A. Toffoli G. Chen P. Rodríguez-Ros M. Zamanillo P. Cortés-Greus L. Xue C. G. Bolas K. C. Leonard F. Perez-Cruz D. Walton J. Schmale 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 https://doaj.org/article/65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e EN eng Copernicus Publications https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1295/2021/esd-12-1295-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4979 https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4987 doi:10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 2190-4979 2190-4987 https://doaj.org/article/65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e Earth System Dynamics, Vol 12, Pp 1295-1369 (2021) Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 2022-12-31T09:23:21Z The Southern Ocean is a critical component of Earth's climate system, but its remoteness makes it challenging to develop a holistic understanding of its processes from the small scale to the large scale. As a result, our knowledge of this vast region remains largely incomplete. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE, austral summer 2016/2017) surveyed a large number of variables describing the state of the ocean and the atmosphere, the freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and ocean biogeochemistry and microbiology. This circumpolar cruise included visits to 12 remote islands, the marginal ice zone, and the Antarctic coast. Here, we use 111 of the observed variables to study the latitudinal gradients, seasonality, shorter-term variations, geographic setting of environmental processes, and interactions between them over the duration of 90 d. To reduce the dimensionality and complexity of the dataset and make the relations between variables interpretable we applied an unsupervised machine learning method, the sparse principal component analysis (sPCA), which describes environmental processes through 14 latent variables. To derive a robust statistical perspective on these processes and to estimate the uncertainty in the sPCA decomposition, we have developed a bootstrap approach. Our results provide a proof of concept that sPCA with uncertainty analysis is able to identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and “hotspots” of interaction between environmental compartments. While confirming many well known processes, our analysis provides novel insights into the Southern Ocean water cycle (freshwater fluxes), trace gases (interplay between seasonality, sources, and sinks), and microbial communities (nutrient limitation and island mass effects at the largest scale ever reported). More specifically, we identify the important role of the oceanic circulations, frontal zones, and islands in shaping the nutrient availability that controls biological community ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Austral Earth System Dynamics 12 4 1295 1369 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 |
spellingShingle |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 S. Landwehr M. Volpi F. A. Haumann C. M. Robinson I. Thurnherr V. Ferracci A. Baccarini J. Thomas I. Gorodetskaya C. Tatzelt S. Henning R. L. Modini H. J. Forrer Y. Lin N. Cassar R. Simó C. Hassler A. Moallemi S. E. Fawcett N. Harris R. Airs M. H. Derkani A. Alberello A. Toffoli G. Chen P. Rodríguez-Ros M. Zamanillo P. Cortés-Greus L. Xue C. G. Bolas K. C. Leonard F. Perez-Cruz D. Walton J. Schmale Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
topic_facet |
Science Q Geology QE1-996.5 Dynamic and structural geology QE500-639.5 |
description |
The Southern Ocean is a critical component of Earth's climate system, but its remoteness makes it challenging to develop a holistic understanding of its processes from the small scale to the large scale. As a result, our knowledge of this vast region remains largely incomplete. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE, austral summer 2016/2017) surveyed a large number of variables describing the state of the ocean and the atmosphere, the freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and ocean biogeochemistry and microbiology. This circumpolar cruise included visits to 12 remote islands, the marginal ice zone, and the Antarctic coast. Here, we use 111 of the observed variables to study the latitudinal gradients, seasonality, shorter-term variations, geographic setting of environmental processes, and interactions between them over the duration of 90 d. To reduce the dimensionality and complexity of the dataset and make the relations between variables interpretable we applied an unsupervised machine learning method, the sparse principal component analysis (sPCA), which describes environmental processes through 14 latent variables. To derive a robust statistical perspective on these processes and to estimate the uncertainty in the sPCA decomposition, we have developed a bootstrap approach. Our results provide a proof of concept that sPCA with uncertainty analysis is able to identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and “hotspots” of interaction between environmental compartments. While confirming many well known processes, our analysis provides novel insights into the Southern Ocean water cycle (freshwater fluxes), trace gases (interplay between seasonality, sources, and sinks), and microbial communities (nutrient limitation and island mass effects at the largest scale ever reported). More specifically, we identify the important role of the oceanic circulations, frontal zones, and islands in shaping the nutrient availability that controls biological community ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. Landwehr M. Volpi F. A. Haumann C. M. Robinson I. Thurnherr V. Ferracci A. Baccarini J. Thomas I. Gorodetskaya C. Tatzelt S. Henning R. L. Modini H. J. Forrer Y. Lin N. Cassar R. Simó C. Hassler A. Moallemi S. E. Fawcett N. Harris R. Airs M. H. Derkani A. Alberello A. Toffoli G. Chen P. Rodríguez-Ros M. Zamanillo P. Cortés-Greus L. Xue C. G. Bolas K. C. Leonard F. Perez-Cruz D. Walton J. Schmale |
author_facet |
S. Landwehr M. Volpi F. A. Haumann C. M. Robinson I. Thurnherr V. Ferracci A. Baccarini J. Thomas I. Gorodetskaya C. Tatzelt S. Henning R. L. Modini H. J. Forrer Y. Lin N. Cassar R. Simó C. Hassler A. Moallemi S. E. Fawcett N. Harris R. Airs M. H. Derkani A. Alberello A. Toffoli G. Chen P. Rodríguez-Ros M. Zamanillo P. Cortés-Greus L. Xue C. G. Bolas K. C. Leonard F. Perez-Cruz D. Walton J. Schmale |
author_sort |
S. Landwehr |
title |
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
title_short |
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
title_full |
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
title_fullStr |
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition |
title_sort |
exploring the coupled ocean and atmosphere system with a data science approach applied to observations from the antarctic circumnavigation expedition |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 https://doaj.org/article/65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Austral |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Austral |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Earth System Dynamics, Vol 12, Pp 1295-1369 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1295/2021/esd-12-1295-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4979 https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4987 doi:10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 2190-4979 2190-4987 https://doaj.org/article/65fb6bc7bc4c41d9981b1452bffca73e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021 |
container_title |
Earth System Dynamics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1295 |
op_container_end_page |
1369 |
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1766277104924622848 |