Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau.
Trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is hyperendemic on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea Bissau. An understanding of the risk factors associated with active trachoma and infection on these remote and isolated islands, which are atypical of trachoma-endemic environments d...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:657446e806234fdab6d95b4259cb00e1 2023-05-15T15:11:49+02:00 Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. Anna R Last Sarah E Burr Helen A Weiss Emma M Harding-Esch Eunice Cassama Meno Nabicassa David C Mabey Martin J Holland Robin L Bailey 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 https://doaj.org/article/657446e806234fdab6d95b4259cb00e1 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4072588?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 https://doaj.org/article/657446e806234fdab6d95b4259cb00e1 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e2900 (2014) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 2022-12-31T14:27:54Z Trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is hyperendemic on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea Bissau. An understanding of the risk factors associated with active trachoma and infection on these remote and isolated islands, which are atypical of trachoma-endemic environments described elsewhere, is crucial to the implementation of trachoma elimination strategies.A cross-sectional population-based trachoma prevalence survey was conducted on four islands. We conducted a questionnaire-based risk factor survey, examined participants for trachoma using the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system and collected conjunctival swab samples for 1507 participants from 293 randomly selected households. DNA extracted from conjunctival swabs was tested using the Roche Amplicor CT/NG PCR assay. The prevalence of active (follicular and/or inflammatory) trachoma was 11% (167/1508) overall and 22% (136/618) in 1-9 year olds. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 18% overall and 25% in 1-9 year olds. There were strong independent associations of active trachoma with ocular and nasal discharge, C. trachomatis infection, young age, male gender and type of household water source. C. trachomatis infection was independently associated with young age, ocular discharge, type of household water source and the presence of flies around a latrine.In this remote island environment, household-level risk factors relating to fly populations, hygiene behaviours and water usage are likely to be important in the transmission of ocular C. trachomatis infection and the prevalence of active trachoma. This may be important in the implementation of environmental measures in trachoma control. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Four Islands ENVELOPE(-108.218,-108.218,56.050,56.050) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 6 e2900 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anna R Last Sarah E Burr Helen A Weiss Emma M Harding-Esch Eunice Cassama Meno Nabicassa David C Mabey Martin J Holland Robin L Bailey Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is hyperendemic on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea Bissau. An understanding of the risk factors associated with active trachoma and infection on these remote and isolated islands, which are atypical of trachoma-endemic environments described elsewhere, is crucial to the implementation of trachoma elimination strategies.A cross-sectional population-based trachoma prevalence survey was conducted on four islands. We conducted a questionnaire-based risk factor survey, examined participants for trachoma using the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system and collected conjunctival swab samples for 1507 participants from 293 randomly selected households. DNA extracted from conjunctival swabs was tested using the Roche Amplicor CT/NG PCR assay. The prevalence of active (follicular and/or inflammatory) trachoma was 11% (167/1508) overall and 22% (136/618) in 1-9 year olds. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 18% overall and 25% in 1-9 year olds. There were strong independent associations of active trachoma with ocular and nasal discharge, C. trachomatis infection, young age, male gender and type of household water source. C. trachomatis infection was independently associated with young age, ocular discharge, type of household water source and the presence of flies around a latrine.In this remote island environment, household-level risk factors relating to fly populations, hygiene behaviours and water usage are likely to be important in the transmission of ocular C. trachomatis infection and the prevalence of active trachoma. This may be important in the implementation of environmental measures in trachoma control. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Anna R Last Sarah E Burr Helen A Weiss Emma M Harding-Esch Eunice Cassama Meno Nabicassa David C Mabey Martin J Holland Robin L Bailey |
author_facet |
Anna R Last Sarah E Burr Helen A Weiss Emma M Harding-Esch Eunice Cassama Meno Nabicassa David C Mabey Martin J Holland Robin L Bailey |
author_sort |
Anna R Last |
title |
Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
title_short |
Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
title_full |
Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
title_fullStr |
Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk factors for active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau. |
title_sort |
risk factors for active trachoma and ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection in treatment-naïve trachoma-hyperendemic communities of the bijagós archipelago, guinea bissau. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 https://doaj.org/article/657446e806234fdab6d95b4259cb00e1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-108.218,-108.218,56.050,56.050) |
geographic |
Arctic Four Islands |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Four Islands |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e2900 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4072588?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 https://doaj.org/article/657446e806234fdab6d95b4259cb00e1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002900 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e2900 |
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1766342613567275008 |