Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection
Abstract Large solar coronal mass ejections pose a threat in the near-Earth space. As a cause of extreme periods of space weather, they can damage satellite-based communications and create geomagnetically induced currents in power and energy grids. Further, the solar wind energetic particles can red...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:65536cd0f5d7443b8b8538c49b24149e 2023-10-01T03:51:26+02:00 Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection Niilo Kalakoski Pekka T. Verronen Monika E. Szeląg Charles H. Jackman 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 https://doaj.org/article/65536cd0f5d7443b8b8538c49b24149e EN eng Nature Portfolio https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 2045-2322 https://doaj.org/article/65536cd0f5d7443b8b8538c49b24149e Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023) Medicine R Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 2023-09-03T00:54:48Z Abstract Large solar coronal mass ejections pose a threat in the near-Earth space. As a cause of extreme periods of space weather, they can damage satellite-based communications and create geomagnetically induced currents in power and energy grids. Further, the solar wind energetic particles can reduce the protecting layer of atmospheric ozone and pose a threat to life on Earth. The large coronal mass ejection (CME) of July 2012, although directed away from the Earth, is often highlighted as a prime example of a potentially devastating super storm. Here we show, based on proton fluxes recorded by the instruments aboard the STEREO-A satellite, that the atmospheric response to the July 2012 event would have been comparable to those of the largest solar proton events of the satellite era. Significant impact on total ozone outside polar regions would require a much larger event, similar to those recorded in historical proxy data sets. Such an extreme event would cause long-term ozone reduction all the way to the equator and increase the size, duration, and depth of the Antarctic ozone hole. The impact would be comparable to predicted drastic and sudden ozone reduction from major volcanic eruptions, regional nuclear conflicts, or long-term stratospheric geoengineering. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic Scientific Reports 13 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Niilo Kalakoski Pekka T. Verronen Monika E. Szeląg Charles H. Jackman Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Abstract Large solar coronal mass ejections pose a threat in the near-Earth space. As a cause of extreme periods of space weather, they can damage satellite-based communications and create geomagnetically induced currents in power and energy grids. Further, the solar wind energetic particles can reduce the protecting layer of atmospheric ozone and pose a threat to life on Earth. The large coronal mass ejection (CME) of July 2012, although directed away from the Earth, is often highlighted as a prime example of a potentially devastating super storm. Here we show, based on proton fluxes recorded by the instruments aboard the STEREO-A satellite, that the atmospheric response to the July 2012 event would have been comparable to those of the largest solar proton events of the satellite era. Significant impact on total ozone outside polar regions would require a much larger event, similar to those recorded in historical proxy data sets. Such an extreme event would cause long-term ozone reduction all the way to the equator and increase the size, duration, and depth of the Antarctic ozone hole. The impact would be comparable to predicted drastic and sudden ozone reduction from major volcanic eruptions, regional nuclear conflicts, or long-term stratospheric geoengineering. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Niilo Kalakoski Pekka T. Verronen Monika E. Szeląg Charles H. Jackman |
author_facet |
Niilo Kalakoski Pekka T. Verronen Monika E. Szeląg Charles H. Jackman |
author_sort |
Niilo Kalakoski |
title |
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
title_short |
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
title_full |
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
title_fullStr |
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection |
title_sort |
global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the july 2012 coronal mass ejection |
publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 https://doaj.org/article/65536cd0f5d7443b8b8538c49b24149e |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 2045-2322 https://doaj.org/article/65536cd0f5d7443b8b8538c49b24149e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1 |
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Scientific Reports |
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13 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1778535164461187072 |