Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments
Seawater pH and carbonate saturation are predicted to decrease dramatically by the end of the century. This process, designated ocean acidification (OA), threatens economically and ecologically important marine calcifiers, including the northern quahog ( Mercenaria mercenaria ). While many studies h...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:648fd33090da43408f694aebba684d39 2023-05-15T17:50:40+02:00 Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments Caroline Schwaner Sarah Farhat John Haley Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa Bassem Allam 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416066 https://doaj.org/article/648fd33090da43408f694aebba684d39 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16066 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms232416066 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/648fd33090da43408f694aebba684d39 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 16066, p 16066 (2022) extrapallial fluid hemolymph hemocytes clams ocean acidification biomineralization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416066 2022-12-30T19:31:38Z Seawater pH and carbonate saturation are predicted to decrease dramatically by the end of the century. This process, designated ocean acidification (OA), threatens economically and ecologically important marine calcifiers, including the northern quahog ( Mercenaria mercenaria ). While many studies have demonstrated the adverse impacts of OA on bivalves, much less is known about mechanisms of resilience and adaptive strategies. Here, we examined clam responses to OA by evaluating cellular (hemocyte activities) and molecular (high-throughput proteomics, RNASeq) changes in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid (EPF—the site of biomineralization located between the mantle and the shell) in M. mercenaria continuously exposed to acidified (pH ~7.3; p CO 2 ~2700 ppm) and normal conditions (pH ~8.1; p CO 2 ~600 ppm) for one year. The extracellular pH of EPF and hemolymph (~7.5) was significantly higher than that of the external acidified seawater (~7.3). Under OA conditions, granulocytes (a sub-population of hemocytes important for biomineralization) were able to increase intracellular pH (by 54% in EPF and 79% in hemolymph) and calcium content (by 56% in hemolymph). The increased pH of EPF and hemolymph from clams exposed to high p CO 2 was associated with the overexpression of genes (at both the mRNA and protein levels) related to biomineralization, acid–base balance, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that clams can use corrective mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact of OA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23 24 16066 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
extrapallial fluid hemolymph hemocytes clams ocean acidification biomineralization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
extrapallial fluid hemolymph hemocytes clams ocean acidification biomineralization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Caroline Schwaner Sarah Farhat John Haley Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa Bassem Allam Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
topic_facet |
extrapallial fluid hemolymph hemocytes clams ocean acidification biomineralization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Seawater pH and carbonate saturation are predicted to decrease dramatically by the end of the century. This process, designated ocean acidification (OA), threatens economically and ecologically important marine calcifiers, including the northern quahog ( Mercenaria mercenaria ). While many studies have demonstrated the adverse impacts of OA on bivalves, much less is known about mechanisms of resilience and adaptive strategies. Here, we examined clam responses to OA by evaluating cellular (hemocyte activities) and molecular (high-throughput proteomics, RNASeq) changes in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid (EPF—the site of biomineralization located between the mantle and the shell) in M. mercenaria continuously exposed to acidified (pH ~7.3; p CO 2 ~2700 ppm) and normal conditions (pH ~8.1; p CO 2 ~600 ppm) for one year. The extracellular pH of EPF and hemolymph (~7.5) was significantly higher than that of the external acidified seawater (~7.3). Under OA conditions, granulocytes (a sub-population of hemocytes important for biomineralization) were able to increase intracellular pH (by 54% in EPF and 79% in hemolymph) and calcium content (by 56% in hemolymph). The increased pH of EPF and hemolymph from clams exposed to high p CO 2 was associated with the overexpression of genes (at both the mRNA and protein levels) related to biomineralization, acid–base balance, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that clams can use corrective mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact of OA. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Caroline Schwaner Sarah Farhat John Haley Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa Bassem Allam |
author_facet |
Caroline Schwaner Sarah Farhat John Haley Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa Bassem Allam |
author_sort |
Caroline Schwaner |
title |
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
title_short |
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
title_full |
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
title_fullStr |
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments |
title_sort |
proteomic and transcriptomic responses enable clams to correct the ph of calcifying fluids and sustain biomineralization in acidified environments |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416066 https://doaj.org/article/648fd33090da43408f694aebba684d39 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 16066, p 16066 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/16066 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms232416066 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/648fd33090da43408f694aebba684d39 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416066 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
container_volume |
23 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
16066 |
_version_ |
1766157516676268032 |