The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas
Studying the distribution of zooplankton in relation to their prey and predators is challenging, especially 'in situ'. Recent developments in underwater imaging enable such fine-scale research. We deployed the Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI) image profiler to study the...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BioOne
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.388 https://doaj.org/article/6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 2023-05-15T14:54:24+02:00 The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas Moritz S. Schmid Louis Fortier 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.388 https://doaj.org/article/6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 EN eng BioOne https://www.elementascience.org/articles/388 https://doaj.org/toc/2325-1026 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.388 https://doaj.org/article/6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2019) arctic copepods underwater imaging automated zooplankton identification using machine learning fine scale vertical distribution resource partitioning predator avoidance Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.388 2022-12-31T02:25:41Z Studying the distribution of zooplankton in relation to their prey and predators is challenging, especially 'in situ'. Recent developments in underwater imaging enable such fine-scale research. We deployed the Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI) image profiler to study the fine-scale (1 m) vertical distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'C. glacialis' in relation to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) at the end of the grazing season in August in the North Water and Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic). The vertical distribution of both species was generally consistent with the predictions of the Predator Avoidance Hypothesis. In the absence of a significant SCM, both copepods remained at depth during the night. In the presence of a significant SCM, copepods remained at depth in daytime and a fraction of the population migrated in the SCM at night. All three profiles where the numerically dominant copepodite stages C4 and C5 of the two species grazed in the SCM at night presented the same intriguing pattern: the abundance of 'C. hyperboreus' peaked in the core of the SCM while that of 'C. glacialis' peaked just above and below the core SCM. These distributions of the same-stage congeners in the SCMs were significantly different. Lipid fullness of copepod individuals was significantly higher in 'C. hyperboreus' in the core SCM than in 'C. glacialis' above and below the core SCM. Foraging interference resulting in the exclusion from the core SCM of the smaller 'C. glacialis' by the larger 'C. hyperboreus' could explain this vertical partitioning of the actively grazing copepodite stages of the two species. Alternatively, specific preferences for microalgal and/or microzooplankton food hypothetically occupying different layers in the SCM could explain the observed partitioning. Investigating the observed fine-scale co-distributions further will enable researchers to better predict potential climate change effects on these important Arctic congeners. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Calanus glacialis Calanus hyperboreus Climate change Nares strait Zooplankton Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Nares ENVELOPE(158.167,158.167,-81.450,-81.450) Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic copepods underwater imaging automated zooplankton identification using machine learning fine scale vertical distribution resource partitioning predator avoidance Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
arctic copepods underwater imaging automated zooplankton identification using machine learning fine scale vertical distribution resource partitioning predator avoidance Environmental sciences GE1-350 Moritz S. Schmid Louis Fortier The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
topic_facet |
arctic copepods underwater imaging automated zooplankton identification using machine learning fine scale vertical distribution resource partitioning predator avoidance Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Studying the distribution of zooplankton in relation to their prey and predators is challenging, especially 'in situ'. Recent developments in underwater imaging enable such fine-scale research. We deployed the Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI) image profiler to study the fine-scale (1 m) vertical distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'C. glacialis' in relation to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) at the end of the grazing season in August in the North Water and Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic). The vertical distribution of both species was generally consistent with the predictions of the Predator Avoidance Hypothesis. In the absence of a significant SCM, both copepods remained at depth during the night. In the presence of a significant SCM, copepods remained at depth in daytime and a fraction of the population migrated in the SCM at night. All three profiles where the numerically dominant copepodite stages C4 and C5 of the two species grazed in the SCM at night presented the same intriguing pattern: the abundance of 'C. hyperboreus' peaked in the core of the SCM while that of 'C. glacialis' peaked just above and below the core SCM. These distributions of the same-stage congeners in the SCMs were significantly different. Lipid fullness of copepod individuals was significantly higher in 'C. hyperboreus' in the core SCM than in 'C. glacialis' above and below the core SCM. Foraging interference resulting in the exclusion from the core SCM of the smaller 'C. glacialis' by the larger 'C. hyperboreus' could explain this vertical partitioning of the actively grazing copepodite stages of the two species. Alternatively, specific preferences for microalgal and/or microzooplankton food hypothetically occupying different layers in the SCM could explain the observed partitioning. Investigating the observed fine-scale co-distributions further will enable researchers to better predict potential climate change effects on these important Arctic congeners. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moritz S. Schmid Louis Fortier |
author_facet |
Moritz S. Schmid Louis Fortier |
author_sort |
Moritz S. Schmid |
title |
The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
title_short |
The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
title_full |
The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
title_fullStr |
The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
title_full_unstemmed |
The intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'Calanus hyperboreus' and 'Calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of Arctic seas |
title_sort |
intriguing co-distribution of the copepods 'calanus hyperboreus' and 'calanus glacialis' in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum of arctic seas |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.388 https://doaj.org/article/6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(158.167,158.167,-81.450,-81.450) |
geographic |
Arctic Nares |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Nares |
genre |
Arctic Calanus glacialis Calanus hyperboreus Climate change Nares strait Zooplankton Copepods |
genre_facet |
Arctic Calanus glacialis Calanus hyperboreus Climate change Nares strait Zooplankton Copepods |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.elementascience.org/articles/388 https://doaj.org/toc/2325-1026 2325-1026 doi:10.1525/elementa.388 https://doaj.org/article/6469eafc1171484fb5e42404d7cff7c0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.388 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1766326117808996352 |