Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa
Abstract Artemisinin resistance has emerged and spread in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy failure, due to both artemisinin and partner drug resistance. More worrying, artemisinin resistance has been recently reported and confirmed in Rwanda. The...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:645e541535734f0b872de2d97c1a036d 2023-05-15T15:10:41+02:00 Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa Christian Nsanzabana 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 https://doaj.org/article/645e541535734f0b872de2d97c1a036d EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/645e541535734f0b872de2d97c1a036d Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 2022-12-31T13:19:32Z Abstract Artemisinin resistance has emerged and spread in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy failure, due to both artemisinin and partner drug resistance. More worrying, artemisinin resistance has been recently reported and confirmed in Rwanda. Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen surveillance systems beyond the GMS to track the emergence or spread of artemisinin and partner drug resistance in other endemic settings. Currently, anti-malarial drug efficacy is monitored primarily through therapeutic efficacy studies (TES). Even though essential for anti-malarial drug policy change, these studies are difficult to conduct, expensive, and may not detect the early emergence of resistance. Additionally, results from TES may take years to be available to the stakeholders, jeopardizing their usefulness. Molecular markers are additional and useful tools to monitor anti-malarial drug resistance, as samples collected on dried blood spots are sufficient to monitor known and validated molecular markers of resistance, and could help detecting and monitoring the early emergence of resistance. However, molecular markers are not monitored systematically by national malaria control programmes, and are often assessed in research studies, but not in routine surveillance. The implementation of molecular markers as a routine tool for anti-malarial drug resistance surveillance could greatly improve surveillance of anti-malarial drug efficacy, making it possible to detect resistance before it translates to treatment failures. When possible, ex vivo assays should be included as their data could be useful complementary, especially when no molecular markers are validated. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 20 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Christian Nsanzabana Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Artemisinin resistance has emerged and spread in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), followed by artemisinin-based combination therapy failure, due to both artemisinin and partner drug resistance. More worrying, artemisinin resistance has been recently reported and confirmed in Rwanda. Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen surveillance systems beyond the GMS to track the emergence or spread of artemisinin and partner drug resistance in other endemic settings. Currently, anti-malarial drug efficacy is monitored primarily through therapeutic efficacy studies (TES). Even though essential for anti-malarial drug policy change, these studies are difficult to conduct, expensive, and may not detect the early emergence of resistance. Additionally, results from TES may take years to be available to the stakeholders, jeopardizing their usefulness. Molecular markers are additional and useful tools to monitor anti-malarial drug resistance, as samples collected on dried blood spots are sufficient to monitor known and validated molecular markers of resistance, and could help detecting and monitoring the early emergence of resistance. However, molecular markers are not monitored systematically by national malaria control programmes, and are often assessed in research studies, but not in routine surveillance. The implementation of molecular markers as a routine tool for anti-malarial drug resistance surveillance could greatly improve surveillance of anti-malarial drug efficacy, making it possible to detect resistance before it translates to treatment failures. When possible, ex vivo assays should be included as their data could be useful complementary, especially when no molecular markers are validated. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christian Nsanzabana |
author_facet |
Christian Nsanzabana |
author_sort |
Christian Nsanzabana |
title |
Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
title_short |
Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
title_full |
Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
title_fullStr |
Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan Africa |
title_sort |
time to scale up molecular surveillance for anti-malarial drug resistance in sub-saharan africa |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 https://doaj.org/article/645e541535734f0b872de2d97c1a036d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/645e541535734f0b872de2d97c1a036d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03942-5 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
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20 |
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1 |
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1766341663617187840 |