Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic
Outbreaks of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. have been recurring for decades among Inuit of Nunavik, northeastern Canada. Contact with wildlife has been identified as a risk factor for Inuit exposure to T. gondii, but reservoirs have yet to be confirmed based on direct detection of DNA or org...
Published in: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 https://doaj.org/article/64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 2023-05-15T15:03:46+02:00 Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic Bachand Nicholas A. Ravel P. Leighton C. Stephen A. Iqbal M. Ndao K. Konecsni C. Fernando E. Jenkins 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 https://doaj.org/article/64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224418300683 https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 https://doaj.org/article/64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 391-397 (2018) Zoology QL1-991 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 2022-12-31T01:26:05Z Outbreaks of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. have been recurring for decades among Inuit of Nunavik, northeastern Canada. Contact with wildlife has been identified as a risk factor for Inuit exposure to T. gondii, but reservoirs have yet to be confirmed based on direct detection of DNA or organism. Similarly, little is known about the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in wildlife species of Nunavik other than walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and bears (Ursus americanus, Ursus maritimus). Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were targeted as possible sentinels for T. gondii and Trichinella spp. because of their high trophic position within the Arctic food chain as carnivorous scavengers. A total of 39 red foxes were sampled from four communities in southern and western Nunavik between November 2015 and September 2016. For the first time in wildlife, a novel magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR technique was used to isolate and detect T. gondii DNA from the heart and brain of foxes. A double separatory funnel digestion method followed by multiplex PCR was used to recover and genotype larvae of Trichinella spp. from tongues of foxes. Seroprevalence based on detection of antibodies to T. gondii was 41% (95% CI: 27–57%) using a commercially available modified agglutination test (MAT). Detection of DNA of T. gondii and larvae of Trichinella nativa (T2) occurred in 44% (95% CI: 28–60%) and 36% (95% CI: 21–51%) of foxes, respectively. Coinfection with both T. nativa and T. gondii occurred among 23% (95%CI: 13–38%) of foxes which can be attributed to co-transmission from prey and scavenged species in their diet. There was only moderate agreement between T. gondii serology and direct detection of T. gondii DNA using the MC-PCR technique (Kappa test statistic: 0.321), suggesting that using both methods in tandem can increase the sensitivity of detection for this parasite. These findings show that foxes are good sentinels for circulation of parasitic zoonoses in terrestrial northern ecosystems since they are highly exposed, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic inuit Odobenus rosmarus Ursus maritimus Nunavik walrus* Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Nunavik Canada International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 7 3 391 397 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Zoology QL1-991 Bachand Nicholas A. Ravel P. Leighton C. Stephen A. Iqbal M. Ndao K. Konecsni C. Fernando E. Jenkins Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
topic_facet |
Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Outbreaks of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. have been recurring for decades among Inuit of Nunavik, northeastern Canada. Contact with wildlife has been identified as a risk factor for Inuit exposure to T. gondii, but reservoirs have yet to be confirmed based on direct detection of DNA or organism. Similarly, little is known about the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in wildlife species of Nunavik other than walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and bears (Ursus americanus, Ursus maritimus). Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were targeted as possible sentinels for T. gondii and Trichinella spp. because of their high trophic position within the Arctic food chain as carnivorous scavengers. A total of 39 red foxes were sampled from four communities in southern and western Nunavik between November 2015 and September 2016. For the first time in wildlife, a novel magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR technique was used to isolate and detect T. gondii DNA from the heart and brain of foxes. A double separatory funnel digestion method followed by multiplex PCR was used to recover and genotype larvae of Trichinella spp. from tongues of foxes. Seroprevalence based on detection of antibodies to T. gondii was 41% (95% CI: 27–57%) using a commercially available modified agglutination test (MAT). Detection of DNA of T. gondii and larvae of Trichinella nativa (T2) occurred in 44% (95% CI: 28–60%) and 36% (95% CI: 21–51%) of foxes, respectively. Coinfection with both T. nativa and T. gondii occurred among 23% (95%CI: 13–38%) of foxes which can be attributed to co-transmission from prey and scavenged species in their diet. There was only moderate agreement between T. gondii serology and direct detection of T. gondii DNA using the MC-PCR technique (Kappa test statistic: 0.321), suggesting that using both methods in tandem can increase the sensitivity of detection for this parasite. These findings show that foxes are good sentinels for circulation of parasitic zoonoses in terrestrial northern ecosystems since they are highly exposed, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bachand Nicholas A. Ravel P. Leighton C. Stephen A. Iqbal M. Ndao K. Konecsni C. Fernando E. Jenkins |
author_facet |
Bachand Nicholas A. Ravel P. Leighton C. Stephen A. Iqbal M. Ndao K. Konecsni C. Fernando E. Jenkins |
author_sort |
Bachand Nicholas |
title |
Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
foxes (vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, toxoplasma gondii and trichinella nativa, in the northeastern canadian arctic |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 https://doaj.org/article/64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 |
geographic |
Arctic Nunavik Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Nunavik Canada |
genre |
Arctic inuit Odobenus rosmarus Ursus maritimus Nunavik walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic inuit Odobenus rosmarus Ursus maritimus Nunavik walrus* |
op_source |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 391-397 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224418300683 https://doaj.org/toc/2213-2244 2213-2244 doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 https://doaj.org/article/64289dc56fee43438e61da566e18c562 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.10.003 |
container_title |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
391 |
op_container_end_page |
397 |
_version_ |
1766335618168651776 |