Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements
Ground-based measurements of frozen precipitation are heavily influenced by interactions of surface winds with gauge-shield geometry. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), which photographs hydrometeors in free-fall from three different angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed, has...
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Copernicus Publications
2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:63b142ab96344074b263be6ec070234e 2023-05-15T15:00:35+02:00 Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements K. E. Fitch C. Hang A. Talaei T. J. Garrett 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 https://doaj.org/article/63b142ab96344074b263be6ec070234e EN eng Copernicus Publications https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/14/1127/2021/amt-14-1127-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/63b142ab96344074b263be6ec070234e Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 14, Pp 1127-1142 (2021) Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 2022-12-31T06:29:16Z Ground-based measurements of frozen precipitation are heavily influenced by interactions of surface winds with gauge-shield geometry. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), which photographs hydrometeors in free-fall from three different angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed, has been used in the field at multiple midlatitude and polar locations both with and without wind shielding. Here, we present an analysis of Arctic field observations – with and without a Belfort double Alter shield – and compare the results to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the airflow and corresponding particle trajectories around the unshielded MASC. MASC-measured fall speeds compare well with Ka-band Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Zenith Radar (KAZR) mean Doppler velocities only when winds are light ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">5</mn><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="46pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c22dcb727417217cf78bb9552cac1fa5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-14-1127-2021-ie00001.svg" width="46pt" height="14pt" src="amt-14-1127-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> ) and the MASC is shielded. MASC-measured fall speeds that do not match KAZR-measured velocities tend to fall below a threshold value that increases approximately linearly with wind speed but is generally <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14 2 1127 1142 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 K. E. Fitch C. Hang A. Talaei T. J. Garrett Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
topic_facet |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
description |
Ground-based measurements of frozen precipitation are heavily influenced by interactions of surface winds with gauge-shield geometry. The Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC), which photographs hydrometeors in free-fall from three different angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed, has been used in the field at multiple midlatitude and polar locations both with and without wind shielding. Here, we present an analysis of Arctic field observations – with and without a Belfort double Alter shield – and compare the results to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the airflow and corresponding particle trajectories around the unshielded MASC. MASC-measured fall speeds compare well with Ka-band Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Zenith Radar (KAZR) mean Doppler velocities only when winds are light ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">5</mn><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="46pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c22dcb727417217cf78bb9552cac1fa5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-14-1127-2021-ie00001.svg" width="46pt" height="14pt" src="amt-14-1127-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> ) and the MASC is shielded. MASC-measured fall speeds that do not match KAZR-measured velocities tend to fall below a threshold value that increases approximately linearly with wind speed but is generally <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. E. Fitch C. Hang A. Talaei T. J. Garrett |
author_facet |
K. E. Fitch C. Hang A. Talaei T. J. Garrett |
author_sort |
K. E. Fitch |
title |
Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
title_short |
Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
title_full |
Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
title_fullStr |
Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera measurements |
title_sort |
arctic observations and numerical simulations of surface wind effects on multi-angle snowflake camera measurements |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 https://doaj.org/article/63b142ab96344074b263be6ec070234e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 14, Pp 1127-1142 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/14/1127/2021/amt-14-1127-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/63b142ab96344074b263be6ec070234e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1127-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1127 |
op_container_end_page |
1142 |
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1766332664611078144 |