Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has moved to address the health and climate impact of the emissions from the combustion of low-quality residual fuels within the commercial shipping industry. Fuel sulfur content (F S ) limits and an efficiency design index for future ships are examples...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 https://doaj.org/article/63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 2023-05-15T15:03:44+02:00 Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing D. A. Lack J. J. Corbett 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 https://doaj.org/article/63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3985/2012/acp-12-3985-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 12, Iss 9, Pp 3985-4000 (2012) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 2022-12-31T02:46:58Z The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has moved to address the health and climate impact of the emissions from the combustion of low-quality residual fuels within the commercial shipping industry. Fuel sulfur content (F S ) limits and an efficiency design index for future ships are examples of such IMO actions. The impacts of black carbon (BC) emissions from shipping are now under review by the IMO, with a particular focus on the potential impacts of future Arctic shipping. Recognizing that associating impacts with BC emissions requires both ambient and onboard observations, we provide recommendations for the measurement of BC. We also evaluate current insights regarding the effect of ship speed (engine load), fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing on BC emissions from ships. Observations demonstrate that BC emission factors (EF BC ) increases 3 to 6 times at very low engine loads (<25% compared to EF BC at 85–100% load); absolute BC emissions (per nautical mile of travel) also increase up to 100% depending on engine load, even with reduced load fuel savings. If fleets were required to operate at lower maximum engine loads, presumably associated with reduced speeds, then engines could be re-tuned, which would reduce BC emissions. Ships operating in the Arctic are likely running at highly variable engine loads (25–100%) depending on ice conditions and ice breaking requirements. The ships operating at low load may be emitting up to 50% more BC than they would at their rated load. Such variable load conditions make it difficult to assess the likely emissions rate of BC. Current fuel sulfur regulations have the effect of reducing EF BC by an average of 30% and potentially up to 80% regardless of engine load; a removal rate similar to that of scrubbers. Uncertainties among current observations demonstrate there is a need for more information on a) the impact of fuel quality on EF BC using robust measurement methods and b) the efficacy of scrubbers for the removal of particulate matter by size and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic black carbon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12 9 3985 4000 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 D. A. Lack J. J. Corbett Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has moved to address the health and climate impact of the emissions from the combustion of low-quality residual fuels within the commercial shipping industry. Fuel sulfur content (F S ) limits and an efficiency design index for future ships are examples of such IMO actions. The impacts of black carbon (BC) emissions from shipping are now under review by the IMO, with a particular focus on the potential impacts of future Arctic shipping. Recognizing that associating impacts with BC emissions requires both ambient and onboard observations, we provide recommendations for the measurement of BC. We also evaluate current insights regarding the effect of ship speed (engine load), fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing on BC emissions from ships. Observations demonstrate that BC emission factors (EF BC ) increases 3 to 6 times at very low engine loads (<25% compared to EF BC at 85–100% load); absolute BC emissions (per nautical mile of travel) also increase up to 100% depending on engine load, even with reduced load fuel savings. If fleets were required to operate at lower maximum engine loads, presumably associated with reduced speeds, then engines could be re-tuned, which would reduce BC emissions. Ships operating in the Arctic are likely running at highly variable engine loads (25–100%) depending on ice conditions and ice breaking requirements. The ships operating at low load may be emitting up to 50% more BC than they would at their rated load. Such variable load conditions make it difficult to assess the likely emissions rate of BC. Current fuel sulfur regulations have the effect of reducing EF BC by an average of 30% and potentially up to 80% regardless of engine load; a removal rate similar to that of scrubbers. Uncertainties among current observations demonstrate there is a need for more information on a) the impact of fuel quality on EF BC using robust measurement methods and b) the efficacy of scrubbers for the removal of particulate matter by size and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
D. A. Lack J. J. Corbett |
author_facet |
D. A. Lack J. J. Corbett |
author_sort |
D. A. Lack |
title |
Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
title_short |
Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
title_full |
Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
title_fullStr |
Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
title_sort |
black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 https://doaj.org/article/63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic black carbon |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 12, Iss 9, Pp 3985-4000 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3985/2012/acp-12-3985-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/63adb5f4f244455cac81dcd7a7f1fa93 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
3985 |
op_container_end_page |
4000 |
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1766335584667697152 |