A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality
Abstract Background In September 2008, a disease outbreak characterized by acute, severe gill pathology and peritonitis, involving the gastrointestinal tract, was observed in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farm in north-western Norway. During subsequent sampling in November 2008 and January 200...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:621e51b6baaf46eeae61c58ebf3780cc 2023-05-15T15:31:16+02:00 A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality Simon Chioma Weli Ole Bendik Dale Haakon Hansen Mona Cecilie Gjessing Liv Birte Rønneberg Knut Falk 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 https://doaj.org/article/621e51b6baaf46eeae61c58ebf3780cc EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305 doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 1756-3305 https://doaj.org/article/621e51b6baaf46eeae61c58ebf3780cc Parasites & Vectors, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017) Gut infection Gill histopathology Salmo salar L Chitin staining Calcofluor-white staining in situ hybridization Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 2022-12-31T02:22:57Z Abstract Background In September 2008, a disease outbreak characterized by acute, severe gill pathology and peritonitis, involving the gastrointestinal tract, was observed in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farm in north-western Norway. During subsequent sampling in November 2008 and January 2009, chronic proliferative gill inflammation and peritonitis was observed. Cumulative mortalities of 5.6–12.8% and severe growth retardation were observed. Routine diagnostic analysis revealed no diseases known to salmon at the time, but microsporidian infection of tissues was observed. Methods To characterize the disease outbreak, a combination of histopathology, in situ hybridization (ISH), chitin, calcofluor-white (CFW) staining, and real-time PCR were used to describe the disease progression with visualization of the D. lepeophtherii stages in situ. Results The presence of the microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii was confirmed with real-time PCR, DNA sequencing and ISH, and the parasite was detected in association with acute lesions in the gills and peritoneum. ISH using a probe specific to small subunit 16S rRNA gene provided an effective tool for demonstrating the distribution of D. lepeophtherii in the tissue. Infection in the peritoneum seemed localized in and around pre-existing vaccine granulomas, and in the gastrointestinal walls. In the heart, kidney and spleen, the infection was most often associated with mononuclear leucocytes and macrophages, including melanomacrophages. Desmozoon lepeophtherii exospores were found in the nuclei of the gastrointestinal epithelium for the first time, suggesting a role of the gastrointestinal tract in the spread of spores to the environment. Conclusions This study describes the progression of D. lepeophtherii disease outbreak in an Atlantic salmon farm without any other known diseases present. Using different methods to examine the disease outbreak, new insight into the pathology of D. lepeophtherii was obtained. The parasite was localized in situ in association with ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norway Parasites & Vectors 10 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Gut infection Gill histopathology Salmo salar L Chitin staining Calcofluor-white staining in situ hybridization Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Gut infection Gill histopathology Salmo salar L Chitin staining Calcofluor-white staining in situ hybridization Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Simon Chioma Weli Ole Bendik Dale Haakon Hansen Mona Cecilie Gjessing Liv Birte Rønneberg Knut Falk A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
topic_facet |
Gut infection Gill histopathology Salmo salar L Chitin staining Calcofluor-white staining in situ hybridization Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background In September 2008, a disease outbreak characterized by acute, severe gill pathology and peritonitis, involving the gastrointestinal tract, was observed in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farm in north-western Norway. During subsequent sampling in November 2008 and January 2009, chronic proliferative gill inflammation and peritonitis was observed. Cumulative mortalities of 5.6–12.8% and severe growth retardation were observed. Routine diagnostic analysis revealed no diseases known to salmon at the time, but microsporidian infection of tissues was observed. Methods To characterize the disease outbreak, a combination of histopathology, in situ hybridization (ISH), chitin, calcofluor-white (CFW) staining, and real-time PCR were used to describe the disease progression with visualization of the D. lepeophtherii stages in situ. Results The presence of the microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii was confirmed with real-time PCR, DNA sequencing and ISH, and the parasite was detected in association with acute lesions in the gills and peritoneum. ISH using a probe specific to small subunit 16S rRNA gene provided an effective tool for demonstrating the distribution of D. lepeophtherii in the tissue. Infection in the peritoneum seemed localized in and around pre-existing vaccine granulomas, and in the gastrointestinal walls. In the heart, kidney and spleen, the infection was most often associated with mononuclear leucocytes and macrophages, including melanomacrophages. Desmozoon lepeophtherii exospores were found in the nuclei of the gastrointestinal epithelium for the first time, suggesting a role of the gastrointestinal tract in the spread of spores to the environment. Conclusions This study describes the progression of D. lepeophtherii disease outbreak in an Atlantic salmon farm without any other known diseases present. Using different methods to examine the disease outbreak, new insight into the pathology of D. lepeophtherii was obtained. The parasite was localized in situ in association with ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Simon Chioma Weli Ole Bendik Dale Haakon Hansen Mona Cecilie Gjessing Liv Birte Rønneberg Knut Falk |
author_facet |
Simon Chioma Weli Ole Bendik Dale Haakon Hansen Mona Cecilie Gjessing Liv Birte Rønneberg Knut Falk |
author_sort |
Simon Chioma Weli |
title |
A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
title_short |
A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
title_full |
A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
title_fullStr |
A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
title_full_unstemmed |
A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
title_sort |
case study of desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 https://doaj.org/article/621e51b6baaf46eeae61c58ebf3780cc |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Parasites & Vectors, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305 doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 1756-3305 https://doaj.org/article/621e51b6baaf46eeae61c58ebf3780cc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5 |
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Parasites & Vectors |
container_volume |
10 |
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1 |
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