A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase
Abstract Background Sri Lanka sustained its malaria-free status by implementing, among other interventions, three core case detection strategies namely Passive Case Detection (PCD), Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and Proactive Case Detection (PACD). The outcomes of these strategies were analysed in...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:614928fc6c0f41a9be7421899414060e 2023-05-15T15:18:55+02:00 A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W. Gunasekera Risintha Premaratne Deepika Fernando Muzrif Munaz M. G. Y. Piyasena Devika Perera Rajitha Wickremasinghe K. D. N. Prasad Ranaweera Kamini Mendis 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 https://doaj.org/article/614928fc6c0f41a9be7421899414060e EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/614928fc6c0f41a9be7421899414060e Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) Malaria case surveillance Prevention of re-establishment of malaria Passive case detection Active case detection Reactive case detection Proactive case detection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 2022-12-31T05:51:59Z Abstract Background Sri Lanka sustained its malaria-free status by implementing, among other interventions, three core case detection strategies namely Passive Case Detection (PCD), Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and Proactive Case Detection (PACD). The outcomes of these strategies were analysed in terms of their effectiveness in detecting malaria infections for the period from 2017 to 2019. Methods Comparisons were made between the surveillance methods and between years, based on data obtained from the national malaria database and individual case reports of malaria patients. The number of blood smears examined microscopically was used as the measure of the volume of tests conducted. The yield from each case detection method was calculated as the proportion of blood smears which were positive for malaria. Within RACD and PACD, the yield of sub categories of travel cohorts and spatial cohorts was ascertained for 2019. Results A total of 158 malaria cases were reported in 2017–2019. During this period between 666,325 and 725,149 blood smears were examined annually. PCD detected 95.6 %, with a yield of 16.1 cases per 100,000 blood smears examined. RACD and PACD produced a yield of 11.2 and 0.3, respectively. The yield of screening the sub category of travel cohorts was very high for RACD and PACD being 806.5 and 44.9 malaria cases per 100,000 smears, respectively. Despite over half of the blood smears examined being obtained by screening spatial cohorts within RACD and PACD, the yield of both was zero over all three years. Conclusions The PCD arm of case surveillance is the most effective and, therefore, has to continue and be further strengthened as the mainstay of malaria surveillance. Focus on travel cohorts within RACD and PACD should be even greater. Screening of spatial cohorts, on a routine basis and solely because people are resident in previously malarious areas, may be wasteful, except in situations where the risk of local transmission is very high, or is imminent. These findings may apply more broadly ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 20 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Malaria case surveillance Prevention of re-establishment of malaria Passive case detection Active case detection Reactive case detection Proactive case detection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Malaria case surveillance Prevention of re-establishment of malaria Passive case detection Active case detection Reactive case detection Proactive case detection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W. Gunasekera Risintha Premaratne Deepika Fernando Muzrif Munaz M. G. Y. Piyasena Devika Perera Rajitha Wickremasinghe K. D. N. Prasad Ranaweera Kamini Mendis A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
topic_facet |
Malaria case surveillance Prevention of re-establishment of malaria Passive case detection Active case detection Reactive case detection Proactive case detection Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Sri Lanka sustained its malaria-free status by implementing, among other interventions, three core case detection strategies namely Passive Case Detection (PCD), Reactive Case Detection (RACD) and Proactive Case Detection (PACD). The outcomes of these strategies were analysed in terms of their effectiveness in detecting malaria infections for the period from 2017 to 2019. Methods Comparisons were made between the surveillance methods and between years, based on data obtained from the national malaria database and individual case reports of malaria patients. The number of blood smears examined microscopically was used as the measure of the volume of tests conducted. The yield from each case detection method was calculated as the proportion of blood smears which were positive for malaria. Within RACD and PACD, the yield of sub categories of travel cohorts and spatial cohorts was ascertained for 2019. Results A total of 158 malaria cases were reported in 2017–2019. During this period between 666,325 and 725,149 blood smears were examined annually. PCD detected 95.6 %, with a yield of 16.1 cases per 100,000 blood smears examined. RACD and PACD produced a yield of 11.2 and 0.3, respectively. The yield of screening the sub category of travel cohorts was very high for RACD and PACD being 806.5 and 44.9 malaria cases per 100,000 smears, respectively. Despite over half of the blood smears examined being obtained by screening spatial cohorts within RACD and PACD, the yield of both was zero over all three years. Conclusions The PCD arm of case surveillance is the most effective and, therefore, has to continue and be further strengthened as the mainstay of malaria surveillance. Focus on travel cohorts within RACD and PACD should be even greater. Screening of spatial cohorts, on a routine basis and solely because people are resident in previously malarious areas, may be wasteful, except in situations where the risk of local transmission is very high, or is imminent. These findings may apply more broadly ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W. Gunasekera Risintha Premaratne Deepika Fernando Muzrif Munaz M. G. Y. Piyasena Devika Perera Rajitha Wickremasinghe K. D. N. Prasad Ranaweera Kamini Mendis |
author_facet |
W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W. Gunasekera Risintha Premaratne Deepika Fernando Muzrif Munaz M. G. Y. Piyasena Devika Perera Rajitha Wickremasinghe K. D. N. Prasad Ranaweera Kamini Mendis |
author_sort |
W. M. Kumudunayana T. de A. W. Gunasekera |
title |
A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
title_short |
A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
title_full |
A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
title_fullStr |
A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in Sri Lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
title_sort |
comparative analysis of the outcome of malaria case surveillance strategies in sri lanka in the prevention of re‐establishment phase |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 https://doaj.org/article/614928fc6c0f41a9be7421899414060e |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/614928fc6c0f41a9be7421899414060e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03621-5 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
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20 |
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1766349089314701312 |