Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections
The innate immune response in Salmo salar , mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is crucial for defending against pathogens. This study examined DDX41 protein functions as a cytosolic/nuclear sensor for cyclic dinucleotides, RNA, and DNA from invasive intracellular bacteria. The investi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:613192730ae741a082ba6d79781c42b4 2024-09-15T17:56:15+00:00 Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections Alejandro J. Yañez Claudia A. Barrientos Adolfo Isla Marcelo Aguilar Sandra N. Flores-Martin Yassef Yuivar Adriana Ojeda Pablo Ibieta Mauricio Hernández Jaime Figueroa Rubén Avendaño-Herrera Marcos Mancilla 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126346 https://doaj.org/article/613192730ae741a082ba6d79781c42b4 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/12/6346 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms25126346 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/613192730ae741a082ba6d79781c42b4 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 12, p 6346 (2024) ddx41 gene functional gene expression structural–functional analysis innate immune response Atlantic salmon–pathogen communication bacterial infection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126346 2024-08-05T17:49:06Z The innate immune response in Salmo salar , mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is crucial for defending against pathogens. This study examined DDX41 protein functions as a cytosolic/nuclear sensor for cyclic dinucleotides, RNA, and DNA from invasive intracellular bacteria. The investigation determined the existence, conservation, and functional expression of the ddx41 gene in S. salar . In silico predictions and experimental validations identified a single ddx41 gene on chromosome 5 in S. salar , showing 83.92% homology with its human counterpart. Transcriptomic analysis in salmon head kidney confirmed gene transcriptional integrity. Proteomic identification through mass spectrometry characterized three unique peptides with 99.99% statistical confidence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated significant evolutionary conservation across species. Functional gene expression analysis in SHK-1 cells infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum indicated significant upregulation of DDX41, correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and activation of irf3 and interferon signaling pathways. In vivo studies corroborated DDX41 activation in immune responses, particularly when S. salar was challenged with P. salmonis , underscoring its potential in enhancing disease resistance. This is the first study to identify the DDX41 pathway as a key component in S. salar innate immune response to invading pathogens, establishing a basis for future research in salmonid disease resistance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25 12 6346 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ddx41 gene functional gene expression structural–functional analysis innate immune response Atlantic salmon–pathogen communication bacterial infection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
ddx41 gene functional gene expression structural–functional analysis innate immune response Atlantic salmon–pathogen communication bacterial infection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Alejandro J. Yañez Claudia A. Barrientos Adolfo Isla Marcelo Aguilar Sandra N. Flores-Martin Yassef Yuivar Adriana Ojeda Pablo Ibieta Mauricio Hernández Jaime Figueroa Rubén Avendaño-Herrera Marcos Mancilla Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
topic_facet |
ddx41 gene functional gene expression structural–functional analysis innate immune response Atlantic salmon–pathogen communication bacterial infection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
The innate immune response in Salmo salar , mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is crucial for defending against pathogens. This study examined DDX41 protein functions as a cytosolic/nuclear sensor for cyclic dinucleotides, RNA, and DNA from invasive intracellular bacteria. The investigation determined the existence, conservation, and functional expression of the ddx41 gene in S. salar . In silico predictions and experimental validations identified a single ddx41 gene on chromosome 5 in S. salar , showing 83.92% homology with its human counterpart. Transcriptomic analysis in salmon head kidney confirmed gene transcriptional integrity. Proteomic identification through mass spectrometry characterized three unique peptides with 99.99% statistical confidence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated significant evolutionary conservation across species. Functional gene expression analysis in SHK-1 cells infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum indicated significant upregulation of DDX41, correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and activation of irf3 and interferon signaling pathways. In vivo studies corroborated DDX41 activation in immune responses, particularly when S. salar was challenged with P. salmonis , underscoring its potential in enhancing disease resistance. This is the first study to identify the DDX41 pathway as a key component in S. salar innate immune response to invading pathogens, establishing a basis for future research in salmonid disease resistance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alejandro J. Yañez Claudia A. Barrientos Adolfo Isla Marcelo Aguilar Sandra N. Flores-Martin Yassef Yuivar Adriana Ojeda Pablo Ibieta Mauricio Hernández Jaime Figueroa Rubén Avendaño-Herrera Marcos Mancilla |
author_facet |
Alejandro J. Yañez Claudia A. Barrientos Adolfo Isla Marcelo Aguilar Sandra N. Flores-Martin Yassef Yuivar Adriana Ojeda Pablo Ibieta Mauricio Hernández Jaime Figueroa Rubén Avendaño-Herrera Marcos Mancilla |
author_sort |
Alejandro J. Yañez |
title |
Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
title_short |
Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
title_full |
Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
title_fullStr |
Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
title_full_unstemmed |
Discovery and Characterization of the ddx41 Gene in Atlantic Salmon: Evolutionary Implications, Structural Functions, and Innate Immune Responses to Piscirickettsia salmonis and Renibacterium salmoninarum Infections |
title_sort |
discovery and characterization of the ddx41 gene in atlantic salmon: evolutionary implications, structural functions, and innate immune responses to piscirickettsia salmonis and renibacterium salmoninarum infections |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126346 https://doaj.org/article/613192730ae741a082ba6d79781c42b4 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 12, p 6346 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/12/6346 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms25126346 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/613192730ae741a082ba6d79781c42b4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126346 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
6346 |
_version_ |
1810432466624708608 |