New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco
Okadaic acid and its analogues are potent phosphatase inhibitors that cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) through the ingestion of contaminated shellfish by humans. This group of toxins is transmitted worldwide but the number of poisoning incidents has declined over the last 20 years due to le...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5f9c67f1a98a44868d555fc5e81725dd 2023-05-15T17:30:51+02:00 New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco Marisa Silva Inés Rodriguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7124885 https://doaj.org/article/5f9c67f1a98a44868d555fc5e81725dd EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/12/4885 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins7124885 https://doaj.org/article/5f9c67f1a98a44868d555fc5e81725dd Toxins, Vol 7, Iss 12, Pp 5337-5347 (2015) okadaic acid new vectors Madeira Island São Miguel Island Morocco Medicine R article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7124885 2022-12-30T23:54:25Z Okadaic acid and its analogues are potent phosphatase inhibitors that cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) through the ingestion of contaminated shellfish by humans. This group of toxins is transmitted worldwide but the number of poisoning incidents has declined over the last 20 years due to legislation and monitoring programs that were implemented for bivalves. In the summer of 2012 and 2013, we collected a total of 101 samples of 22 different species that were made up of benthic and subtidal organisms such echinoderms, crustaceans, bivalves and gastropods from Madeira, São Miguel Island (Azores archipelago) and the northwestern coast of Morocco. The samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Our main objective was to detect new vectors for these biotoxins. We can report nine new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic: Astropecten aranciacus, Arbacia lixula, Echinaster sepositus, Holothuria sanctori, Ophidiaster ophidianus, Onchidella celtica, Aplysia depilans, Patella spp., and Stramonita haemostoma. Differences in toxin contents among the species were found. Even though low concentrations were detected, the levels of toxins that were present, especially in edible species, indicate the importance of these types of studies. Routine monitoring should be extended to comprise a wider number of vectors other than for bivalves of okadaic acid and its analogues. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Toxins 7 12 5337 5347 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
okadaic acid new vectors Madeira Island São Miguel Island Morocco Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
okadaic acid new vectors Madeira Island São Miguel Island Morocco Medicine R Marisa Silva Inés Rodriguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
topic_facet |
okadaic acid new vectors Madeira Island São Miguel Island Morocco Medicine R |
description |
Okadaic acid and its analogues are potent phosphatase inhibitors that cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) through the ingestion of contaminated shellfish by humans. This group of toxins is transmitted worldwide but the number of poisoning incidents has declined over the last 20 years due to legislation and monitoring programs that were implemented for bivalves. In the summer of 2012 and 2013, we collected a total of 101 samples of 22 different species that were made up of benthic and subtidal organisms such echinoderms, crustaceans, bivalves and gastropods from Madeira, São Miguel Island (Azores archipelago) and the northwestern coast of Morocco. The samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Our main objective was to detect new vectors for these biotoxins. We can report nine new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic: Astropecten aranciacus, Arbacia lixula, Echinaster sepositus, Holothuria sanctori, Ophidiaster ophidianus, Onchidella celtica, Aplysia depilans, Patella spp., and Stramonita haemostoma. Differences in toxin contents among the species were found. Even though low concentrations were detected, the levels of toxins that were present, especially in edible species, indicate the importance of these types of studies. Routine monitoring should be extended to comprise a wider number of vectors other than for bivalves of okadaic acid and its analogues. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Marisa Silva Inés Rodriguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_facet |
Marisa Silva Inés Rodriguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_sort |
Marisa Silva |
title |
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
title_short |
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
title_full |
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
title_fullStr |
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Invertebrate Vectors of Okadaic Acid from the North Atlantic Waters—Portugal (Azores and Madeira) and Morocco |
title_sort |
new invertebrate vectors of okadaic acid from the north atlantic waters—portugal (azores and madeira) and morocco |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7124885 https://doaj.org/article/5f9c67f1a98a44868d555fc5e81725dd |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Toxins, Vol 7, Iss 12, Pp 5337-5347 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/12/4885 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins7124885 https://doaj.org/article/5f9c67f1a98a44868d555fc5e81725dd |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7124885 |
container_title |
Toxins |
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7 |
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12 |
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5337 |
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5347 |
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1766127954184634368 |