Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study.
INTRODUCTION:Diarrheal diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource-poor areas. This case-control study assessed the associations between gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea in children from rural Ghana. METHODS:Stool sampl...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5f52c648d5884a3ba0f37bc62938879b 2023-05-15T15:10:47+02:00 Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. Ralf Krumkamp Nimako Sarpong Norbert Georg Schwarz Julia Adlkofer Wibke Loag Daniel Eibach Ralf Matthias Hagen Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Egbert Tannich Jürgen May 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 https://doaj.org/article/5f52c648d5884a3ba0f37bc62938879b EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4349824?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 https://doaj.org/article/5f52c648d5884a3ba0f37bc62938879b PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e0003568 (2015) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 2022-12-31T11:41:19Z INTRODUCTION:Diarrheal diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource-poor areas. This case-control study assessed the associations between gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea in children from rural Ghana. METHODS:Stool samples were collected from 548 children with diarrhea and from 686 without gastrointestinal symptoms visiting a hospital from 2007-2008. Samples were analyzed by microscopy and molecular methods. RESULTS:The organisms most frequently detected in symptomatic cases were Giardia lamblia, Shigella spp./ enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), and Campylobacter jejuni. Infections with rotavirus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3-16.6), C. parvum/hominis (aOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.2) and norovirus (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.3-3.0) showed the strongest association with diarrhea. The highest attributable fractions (AF) for diarrhea were estimated for rotavirus (AF = 14.3%; 95% CI: 10.9-17.5%), Shigella spp./EIEC (AF = 10.5%; 95% CI: 3.5-17.1%), and norovirus (AF = 8.2%; 95% CI 3.2-12.9%). Co-infections occurred frequently and most infections presented themselves independently of other infections. However, infections with E. dispar, C. jejuni, and norovirus were observed more often in the presence of G. lamblia. CONCLUSIONS:Diarrheal diseases in children from a rural area in sub-Saharan Africa are mainly due to infections with rotavirus, Shigella spp./EIEC, and norovirus. These associations are strongly age-dependent, which should be considered when diagnosing causes of diarrhea. The presented results are informative for both clinicians treating gastrointestinal infections as well as public health experts designing control programs against diarrheal diseases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9 3 e0003568 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ralf Krumkamp Nimako Sarpong Norbert Georg Schwarz Julia Adlkofer Wibke Loag Daniel Eibach Ralf Matthias Hagen Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Egbert Tannich Jürgen May Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
INTRODUCTION:Diarrheal diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource-poor areas. This case-control study assessed the associations between gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea in children from rural Ghana. METHODS:Stool samples were collected from 548 children with diarrhea and from 686 without gastrointestinal symptoms visiting a hospital from 2007-2008. Samples were analyzed by microscopy and molecular methods. RESULTS:The organisms most frequently detected in symptomatic cases were Giardia lamblia, Shigella spp./ enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), and Campylobacter jejuni. Infections with rotavirus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3-16.6), C. parvum/hominis (aOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.2) and norovirus (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.3-3.0) showed the strongest association with diarrhea. The highest attributable fractions (AF) for diarrhea were estimated for rotavirus (AF = 14.3%; 95% CI: 10.9-17.5%), Shigella spp./EIEC (AF = 10.5%; 95% CI: 3.5-17.1%), and norovirus (AF = 8.2%; 95% CI 3.2-12.9%). Co-infections occurred frequently and most infections presented themselves independently of other infections. However, infections with E. dispar, C. jejuni, and norovirus were observed more often in the presence of G. lamblia. CONCLUSIONS:Diarrheal diseases in children from a rural area in sub-Saharan Africa are mainly due to infections with rotavirus, Shigella spp./EIEC, and norovirus. These associations are strongly age-dependent, which should be considered when diagnosing causes of diarrhea. The presented results are informative for both clinicians treating gastrointestinal infections as well as public health experts designing control programs against diarrheal diseases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ralf Krumkamp Nimako Sarpong Norbert Georg Schwarz Julia Adlkofer Wibke Loag Daniel Eibach Ralf Matthias Hagen Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Egbert Tannich Jürgen May |
author_facet |
Ralf Krumkamp Nimako Sarpong Norbert Georg Schwarz Julia Adlkofer Wibke Loag Daniel Eibach Ralf Matthias Hagen Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Egbert Tannich Jürgen May |
author_sort |
Ralf Krumkamp |
title |
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
title_short |
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
title_full |
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
title_fullStr |
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in Ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
title_sort |
gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 https://doaj.org/article/5f52c648d5884a3ba0f37bc62938879b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e0003568 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4349824?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 https://doaj.org/article/5f52c648d5884a3ba0f37bc62938879b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003568 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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9 |
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3 |
container_start_page |
e0003568 |
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1766341741233831936 |