The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China.
Coordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 2023-05-15T15:00:00+02:00 The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 https://doaj.org/article/5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6349412?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 https://doaj.org/article/5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e0007036 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 2022-12-31T00:22:00Z Coordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16 years, but since 2015 one human rabies case has been reported each year. To better understand the origins of these cases, we sequenced three human samples and an additional sample isolated from a dog in 2012. Three genomes were sequenced from brain samples: human case 1 (reported in 2015), human case 3 (2017), and the 2012 dog case. For human case 2 (2016), the rabies N gene was sequenced from a limited saliva sample. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Case 1 (CXZ1501H) and the dog case (CXZ1201D) belong to China IV lineage (equivalent to Arctic-like-2 in global rabies), suggesting an association with a wildlife spillover event. However, Case 2 (CXZ1601H) is placed within the dominant lineage China I, and was most similar with recent strains from neighboring Yunnan province, indicating the current epizootic has finally reached Tibet. Most surprisingly however, was the finding that Case 3 (CXZ1704H) is distinct from other Chinese isolates. This isolate is placed in the Indian Subcontinent clade, similar to recent Nepal strains, indicating that cross-border transmission is a new source for rabies infections. Thus, the complex mixture of the rabies epizootic in Tibet represents a major new challenge for Tibet and national rabies control. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Indian PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 1 e0007036 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Coordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16 years, but since 2015 one human rabies case has been reported each year. To better understand the origins of these cases, we sequenced three human samples and an additional sample isolated from a dog in 2012. Three genomes were sequenced from brain samples: human case 1 (reported in 2015), human case 3 (2017), and the 2012 dog case. For human case 2 (2016), the rabies N gene was sequenced from a limited saliva sample. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Case 1 (CXZ1501H) and the dog case (CXZ1201D) belong to China IV lineage (equivalent to Arctic-like-2 in global rabies), suggesting an association with a wildlife spillover event. However, Case 2 (CXZ1601H) is placed within the dominant lineage China I, and was most similar with recent strains from neighboring Yunnan province, indicating the current epizootic has finally reached Tibet. Most surprisingly however, was the finding that Case 3 (CXZ1704H) is distinct from other Chinese isolates. This isolate is placed in the Indian Subcontinent clade, similar to recent Nepal strains, indicating that cross-border transmission is a new source for rabies infections. Thus, the complex mixture of the rabies epizootic in Tibet represents a major new challenge for Tibet and national rabies control. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu |
author_facet |
Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu |
author_sort |
Xiao-Yan Tao |
title |
The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
title_short |
The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
title_full |
The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
title_fullStr |
The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
title_sort |
reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an indian subcontinent lineage in tibet, china. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 https://doaj.org/article/5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 |
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Arctic Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e0007036 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6349412?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 https://doaj.org/article/5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007036 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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13 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
e0007036 |
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