Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core
Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols are estimated to have offset 60% of greenhouse-gas-induced warming in the Arctic, a region warming four times faster than the rest of the world. However, sulfate radiative forcing estimates remain uncertain because the relative contributions from anthropogenic versus n...
Published in: | Environmental Research Letters |
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2023
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d https://doaj.org/article/5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 2023-09-05T13:17:01+02:00 Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core Ursula A Jongebloed Andrew J Schauer Shohei Hattori Jihong Cole-Dai Carleigh G Larrick Sara Salimi Shana R Edouard Lei Geng Becky Alexander 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d https://doaj.org/article/5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 074020 (2023) Arctic pollution climate ice core sulfate aerosol Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d 2023-08-13T00:36:54Z Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols are estimated to have offset 60% of greenhouse-gas-induced warming in the Arctic, a region warming four times faster than the rest of the world. However, sulfate radiative forcing estimates remain uncertain because the relative contributions from anthropogenic versus natural sources to total sulfate aerosols are unknown. Here we measure sulfur isotopes of sulfate in a Summit, Greenland ice core from 1850 to 2006 CE to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic sulfur emissions to ice core sulfate. We use a Keeling plot to determine the anthropogenic sulfur isotopic signature (δ ^34 S _anthro = +2.9 ± 0.3 ‰), and compare this result to a compilation of sulfur isotope measurements of oil and coal. Using δ ^34 S _anthro , we quantify anthropogenic sulfate concentration separated from natural sulfate. Anthropogenic sulfate concentration increases to 67 ± 7% of non-sea-salt sulfate (65.1 ± 20.2 µ g kg ^−1 ) during peak anthropogenic emissions from 1960 to 1990 and decreases to 45 ± 11% of non-sea-salt sulfate (25.4 ± 12.8 µ g kg ^−1 ) from 1996 to 2006. These observations provide the first long-term record of anthropogenic sulfate distinguished from natural sources (e.g. volcanoes, dimethyl sulfide), and can be used to evaluate model characterization of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol fraction and radiative forcing over the industrial era. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic pollution Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland Environmental Research Letters 18 7 074020 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic pollution climate ice core sulfate aerosol Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic pollution climate ice core sulfate aerosol Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Ursula A Jongebloed Andrew J Schauer Shohei Hattori Jihong Cole-Dai Carleigh G Larrick Sara Salimi Shana R Edouard Lei Geng Becky Alexander Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
topic_facet |
Arctic pollution climate ice core sulfate aerosol Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols are estimated to have offset 60% of greenhouse-gas-induced warming in the Arctic, a region warming four times faster than the rest of the world. However, sulfate radiative forcing estimates remain uncertain because the relative contributions from anthropogenic versus natural sources to total sulfate aerosols are unknown. Here we measure sulfur isotopes of sulfate in a Summit, Greenland ice core from 1850 to 2006 CE to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic sulfur emissions to ice core sulfate. We use a Keeling plot to determine the anthropogenic sulfur isotopic signature (δ ^34 S _anthro = +2.9 ± 0.3 ‰), and compare this result to a compilation of sulfur isotope measurements of oil and coal. Using δ ^34 S _anthro , we quantify anthropogenic sulfate concentration separated from natural sulfate. Anthropogenic sulfate concentration increases to 67 ± 7% of non-sea-salt sulfate (65.1 ± 20.2 µ g kg ^−1 ) during peak anthropogenic emissions from 1960 to 1990 and decreases to 45 ± 11% of non-sea-salt sulfate (25.4 ± 12.8 µ g kg ^−1 ) from 1996 to 2006. These observations provide the first long-term record of anthropogenic sulfate distinguished from natural sources (e.g. volcanoes, dimethyl sulfide), and can be used to evaluate model characterization of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol fraction and radiative forcing over the industrial era. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ursula A Jongebloed Andrew J Schauer Shohei Hattori Jihong Cole-Dai Carleigh G Larrick Sara Salimi Shana R Edouard Lei Geng Becky Alexander |
author_facet |
Ursula A Jongebloed Andrew J Schauer Shohei Hattori Jihong Cole-Dai Carleigh G Larrick Sara Salimi Shana R Edouard Lei Geng Becky Alexander |
author_sort |
Ursula A Jongebloed |
title |
Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
title_short |
Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
title_full |
Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
title_fullStr |
Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era Arctic sulfate in a Greenland ice core |
title_sort |
sulfur isotopes quantify the impact of anthropogenic activities on industrial-era arctic sulfate in a greenland ice core |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d https://doaj.org/article/5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic pollution Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic pollution Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 074020 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/5e30d8e9a3b948a1b591c3f448d3fee9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acdc3d |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
074020 |
_version_ |
1776198374008029184 |