Dissolved Metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb) and Metalloid (As, Sb) in Snow Water across a 2800 km Latitudinal Profile of Western Siberia: Impact of Local Pollution and Global Transfer

• Published in: Water
• Main Authors: Ivan V. Krickov, Artem G. Lim, Vladimir P. Shevchenko, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Frédéric Candaudap, Oleg S. Pokrovsky
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022
• Subjects: snow; heavy metal; trace element; river flux; gas flaring; pollution; Hydraulic engineering; TC1-978; Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes; TD201-500; Arctic; ob river; Subarctic; Siberia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010094; https://doaj.org/article/5e23801f724e4a7b9ccc5ae736b5a85a

Snow cover is known to be an efficient and unique natural archive of atmospheric input and an indicator of ecosystem status. In high latitude regions, thawing of snow provides a sizable contribution of dissolved trace metals to the hydrological network. Towards a better understanding of natural and anthropogenic control on heavy metals and metalloid input from the atmosphere to the inland waters of Siberian arctic and subarctic regions, we measured chemical composition of dissolved (<0.22 µm) fractions of snow across a 2800 km south–north gradient in Western Siberia. Iron, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cd demonstrated sizable (by a factor of 4–7) decrease in concentration northward, which can be explained by a decrease in overall population density and the influence of dry aerosol deposition. Many elements (Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and Sb) exhibited a prominent local maximum (a factor of 2–3) in the zone of intensive oil and gas extraction (61–62° N latitudinal belt), which can be linked to gas flaring and fly ash deposition. Overall, the snow water chemical composition reflected both local and global (long-range) atmospheric transfer processes. Based on mass balance calculation, we demonstrate that the winter time atmospheric input represents sizable contribution to the riverine export fluxes of dissolved (<0.45 µm) Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Sb during springtime and can appreciably shape the hydrochemical composition of the Ob River main stem and tributaries.