Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys
There are many advantages to transitioning from conducting marine wildlife surveys via human observers onboard light-aircraft, to capturing aerial imagery using drones. However, it is important to maintain the validity of long-term data series whilst transitioning from observer to imagery surveys. W...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5b67dce19e914047afbd5c7445b9b633 2024-01-07T09:42:26+01:00 Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys Amanda J. Hodgson Nat Kelly David Peel 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16186 https://doaj.org/article/5b67dce19e914047afbd5c7445b9b633 EN eng PeerJ Inc. https://peerj.com/articles/16186.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/16186/ https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359 doi:10.7717/peerj.16186 2167-8359 https://doaj.org/article/5b67dce19e914047afbd5c7445b9b633 PeerJ, Vol 11, p e16186 (2023) Drone UAV Unoccupied aerial system Dugong Aerial survey Imagery Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16186 2023-12-10T01:50:38Z There are many advantages to transitioning from conducting marine wildlife surveys via human observers onboard light-aircraft, to capturing aerial imagery using drones. However, it is important to maintain the validity of long-term data series whilst transitioning from observer to imagery surveys. We need to understand how the detection rates of target species in images compare to those collected from observers in piloted aircraft, and the factors influencing detection rates from each platform. We conducted trial ScanEagle drone surveys of dugongs in Shark Bay, Western Australia, covering the full extent of the drone’s range (∼100 km), concurrently with observer surveys, with the drone flying above or just behind the piloted aircraft. We aimed to test the assumption that drone imagery could provide comparable detection rates of dugongs to human observers when influenced by same environmental conditions. Overall, the dugong sighting rate (i.e., count of individual dugongs) was 1.3 (95% CI [0.98–1.84]) times higher from the drone images than from the observers. The group sighting rate was similar for the two platforms, however the group sizes detected within the drone images were significantly larger than those recorded by the observers, which explained the overall difference in sighting rates. Cloud cover appeared to be the only covariate affecting the two platforms differently; the incidence of cloud cover resulted in smaller group sizes being detected by both platforms, but the observer group sizes dropped much more dramatically (by 71% (95% CI [31–88]) compared to no cloud) than the group sizes detected in the drone images (14% (95% CI [−28–57])). Water visibility and the Beaufort sea state also affected dugong counts and group sizes, but in the same way for both platforms. This is the first direct simultaneous comparison between sightings from observers in piloted aircraft and a drone and demonstrates the potential for drone surveys over a large spatial-scale. Article in Journal/Newspaper Beaufort Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PeerJ 11 e16186 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Drone UAV Unoccupied aerial system Dugong Aerial survey Imagery Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
Drone UAV Unoccupied aerial system Dugong Aerial survey Imagery Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Amanda J. Hodgson Nat Kelly David Peel Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
topic_facet |
Drone UAV Unoccupied aerial system Dugong Aerial survey Imagery Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
There are many advantages to transitioning from conducting marine wildlife surveys via human observers onboard light-aircraft, to capturing aerial imagery using drones. However, it is important to maintain the validity of long-term data series whilst transitioning from observer to imagery surveys. We need to understand how the detection rates of target species in images compare to those collected from observers in piloted aircraft, and the factors influencing detection rates from each platform. We conducted trial ScanEagle drone surveys of dugongs in Shark Bay, Western Australia, covering the full extent of the drone’s range (∼100 km), concurrently with observer surveys, with the drone flying above or just behind the piloted aircraft. We aimed to test the assumption that drone imagery could provide comparable detection rates of dugongs to human observers when influenced by same environmental conditions. Overall, the dugong sighting rate (i.e., count of individual dugongs) was 1.3 (95% CI [0.98–1.84]) times higher from the drone images than from the observers. The group sighting rate was similar for the two platforms, however the group sizes detected within the drone images were significantly larger than those recorded by the observers, which explained the overall difference in sighting rates. Cloud cover appeared to be the only covariate affecting the two platforms differently; the incidence of cloud cover resulted in smaller group sizes being detected by both platforms, but the observer group sizes dropped much more dramatically (by 71% (95% CI [31–88]) compared to no cloud) than the group sizes detected in the drone images (14% (95% CI [−28–57])). Water visibility and the Beaufort sea state also affected dugong counts and group sizes, but in the same way for both platforms. This is the first direct simultaneous comparison between sightings from observers in piloted aircraft and a drone and demonstrates the potential for drone surveys over a large spatial-scale. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Amanda J. Hodgson Nat Kelly David Peel |
author_facet |
Amanda J. Hodgson Nat Kelly David Peel |
author_sort |
Amanda J. Hodgson |
title |
Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
title_short |
Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
title_full |
Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
title_fullStr |
Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
title_full_unstemmed |
Drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
title_sort |
drone images afford more detections of marine wildlife than real-time observers during simultaneous large-scale surveys |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16186 https://doaj.org/article/5b67dce19e914047afbd5c7445b9b633 |
genre |
Beaufort Sea |
genre_facet |
Beaufort Sea |
op_source |
PeerJ, Vol 11, p e16186 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://peerj.com/articles/16186.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/16186/ https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359 doi:10.7717/peerj.16186 2167-8359 https://doaj.org/article/5b67dce19e914047afbd5c7445b9b633 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16186 |
container_title |
PeerJ |
container_volume |
11 |
container_start_page |
e16186 |
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1787423399062011904 |