The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020
During the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through Arctic Ocean ice from October 2019 to May 2020, mainly at latitudes between 85 and 88.5 ∘ N. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5b43eea3dbaa45fcacc5b5a12a8365c5 2023-05-15T14:58:10+02:00 The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 K. Ohneiser A. Ansmann A. Chudnovsky R. Engelmann C. Ritter I. Veselovskii H. Baars H. Gebauer H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 https://doaj.org/article/5b43eea3dbaa45fcacc5b5a12a8365c5 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/15783/2021/acp-21-15783-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/5b43eea3dbaa45fcacc5b5a12a8365c5 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 15783-15808 (2021) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 2022-12-31T15:22:07Z During the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through Arctic Ocean ice from October 2019 to May 2020, mainly at latitudes between 85 and 88.5 ∘ N. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated on board the research vessel and continuously monitored aerosol and cloud layers up to a height of 30 km. During our mission, we expected to observe a thin residual volcanic aerosol layer in the stratosphere, originating from the Raikoke volcanic eruption in June 2019, with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.005–0.01 at 500 nm over the North Pole area during the winter season. However, the highlight of our measurements was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), from about 7–8 to 17–18 km height, with clear and unambiguous wildfire smoke signatures up to 12 km and an order of magnitude higher AOT of around 0.1 in the autumn of 2019. Case studies are presented to explain the specific optical fingerprints of aged wildfire smoke in detail. The pronounced aerosol layer was present throughout the winter half-year until the strong polar vortex began to collapse in late April 2020. We hypothesize that the detected smoke originated from extraordinarily intense and long-lasting wildfires in central and eastern Siberia in July and August 2019 and may have reached the tropopause layer by the self-lifting process. In this article, we summarize the main findings of our 7-month smoke observations and characterize the aerosol in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties. The UTLS AOT at 532 nm ranged from 0.05–0.12 in October–November 2019 and 0.03–0.06 during the main winter season. The Raikoke aerosol fraction was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. We assume that the volcanic aerosol was above the smoke layer (above 13 km height). As an unambiguous sign of the dominance of smoke in the main aerosol layer from 7–13 km height, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 20 15783 15808 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 K. Ohneiser A. Ansmann A. Chudnovsky R. Engelmann C. Ritter I. Veselovskii H. Baars H. Gebauer H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
During the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through Arctic Ocean ice from October 2019 to May 2020, mainly at latitudes between 85 and 88.5 ∘ N. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated on board the research vessel and continuously monitored aerosol and cloud layers up to a height of 30 km. During our mission, we expected to observe a thin residual volcanic aerosol layer in the stratosphere, originating from the Raikoke volcanic eruption in June 2019, with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.005–0.01 at 500 nm over the North Pole area during the winter season. However, the highlight of our measurements was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), from about 7–8 to 17–18 km height, with clear and unambiguous wildfire smoke signatures up to 12 km and an order of magnitude higher AOT of around 0.1 in the autumn of 2019. Case studies are presented to explain the specific optical fingerprints of aged wildfire smoke in detail. The pronounced aerosol layer was present throughout the winter half-year until the strong polar vortex began to collapse in late April 2020. We hypothesize that the detected smoke originated from extraordinarily intense and long-lasting wildfires in central and eastern Siberia in July and August 2019 and may have reached the tropopause layer by the self-lifting process. In this article, we summarize the main findings of our 7-month smoke observations and characterize the aerosol in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties. The UTLS AOT at 532 nm ranged from 0.05–0.12 in October–November 2019 and 0.03–0.06 during the main winter season. The Raikoke aerosol fraction was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. We assume that the volcanic aerosol was above the smoke layer (above 13 km height). As an unambiguous sign of the dominance of smoke in the main aerosol layer from 7–13 km height, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. Ohneiser A. Ansmann A. Chudnovsky R. Engelmann C. Ritter I. Veselovskii H. Baars H. Gebauer H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli |
author_facet |
K. Ohneiser A. Ansmann A. Chudnovsky R. Engelmann C. Ritter I. Veselovskii H. Baars H. Gebauer H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli |
author_sort |
K. Ohneiser |
title |
The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
title_short |
The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
title_full |
The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
title_fullStr |
The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020 |
title_sort |
unexpected smoke layer in the high arctic winter stratosphere during mosaic 2019–2020 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 https://doaj.org/article/5b43eea3dbaa45fcacc5b5a12a8365c5 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Pole Siberia |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 15783-15808 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/15783/2021/acp-21-15783-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/5b43eea3dbaa45fcacc5b5a12a8365c5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15783-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
15783 |
op_container_end_page |
15808 |
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1766330258603114496 |