Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines
Fundamental image processing methods, such as atmospheric corrections and pansharpening, influence the signal of the pixel. This morphs the spectral signature of target features causing a change in both the final spectra and the way different mapping methods may assign thematic classes. In the curre...
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Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246311 https://doaj.org/article/59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 2023-05-15T16:22:17+02:00 Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines Shridhar D. Jawak Sagar F. Wankhede Alvarinho J. Luis Keshava Balakrishna 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246311 https://doaj.org/article/59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6311 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14246311 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6311, p 6311 (2022) surface facies of glaciers pixel-based image analysis geographic object-based image analysis atmospheric corrections pansharpening image processing routines Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246311 2022-12-30T19:30:26Z Fundamental image processing methods, such as atmospheric corrections and pansharpening, influence the signal of the pixel. This morphs the spectral signature of target features causing a change in both the final spectra and the way different mapping methods may assign thematic classes. In the current study, we aim to identify the variations induced by popular image processing methods in the spectral reflectance and final thematic maps of facies. To this end, we have tested three different atmospheric corrections: (a) Quick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), (b) Dark Object Subtraction (DOS), and (c) Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Hypercubes (FLAASH), and two pansharpening methods: (a) Hyperspherical Color Sharpening (HCS) and (b) Gram–Schmidt (GS). WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 satellite images over Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard are tested via spectral subsets in traditional (BGRN1), unconventional (CYRN2), visible to near-infrared (VNIR), and the complete available spectrum (VNIR_SWIR). Thematic mapping was comparatively performed using 12 pixel-based (PBIA) algorithms and 3 object-based (GEOBIA) rule sets. Thus, we test the impact of varying image processing routines, effectiveness of specific spectral bands, utility of PBIA, and versatility of GEOBIA for mapping facies. Our findings suggest that the image processing routines exert an extreme impact on the end spectral reflectance. DOS delivers the most reliable performance (overall accuracy = 0.64) averaged across all processing schemes. GEOBIA delivers much higher accuracy when the QUAC correction is employed and if the image is enhanced by GS pansharpening (overall accuracy = 0.79). SWIR bands have not enhanced the classification results and VNIR band combination yields superior performance (overall accuracy = 0.59). The maximum likelihood classifier (PBIA) delivers consistent and reliable performance (overall accuracy = 0.61) across all processing schemes and can be used after DOS correction without pansharpening, as it ... Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Svalbard Ny-Ålesund Remote Sensing 14 24 6311 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
surface facies of glaciers pixel-based image analysis geographic object-based image analysis atmospheric corrections pansharpening image processing routines Science Q |
spellingShingle |
surface facies of glaciers pixel-based image analysis geographic object-based image analysis atmospheric corrections pansharpening image processing routines Science Q Shridhar D. Jawak Sagar F. Wankhede Alvarinho J. Luis Keshava Balakrishna Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
topic_facet |
surface facies of glaciers pixel-based image analysis geographic object-based image analysis atmospheric corrections pansharpening image processing routines Science Q |
description |
Fundamental image processing methods, such as atmospheric corrections and pansharpening, influence the signal of the pixel. This morphs the spectral signature of target features causing a change in both the final spectra and the way different mapping methods may assign thematic classes. In the current study, we aim to identify the variations induced by popular image processing methods in the spectral reflectance and final thematic maps of facies. To this end, we have tested three different atmospheric corrections: (a) Quick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), (b) Dark Object Subtraction (DOS), and (c) Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Hypercubes (FLAASH), and two pansharpening methods: (a) Hyperspherical Color Sharpening (HCS) and (b) Gram–Schmidt (GS). WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 satellite images over Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard are tested via spectral subsets in traditional (BGRN1), unconventional (CYRN2), visible to near-infrared (VNIR), and the complete available spectrum (VNIR_SWIR). Thematic mapping was comparatively performed using 12 pixel-based (PBIA) algorithms and 3 object-based (GEOBIA) rule sets. Thus, we test the impact of varying image processing routines, effectiveness of specific spectral bands, utility of PBIA, and versatility of GEOBIA for mapping facies. Our findings suggest that the image processing routines exert an extreme impact on the end spectral reflectance. DOS delivers the most reliable performance (overall accuracy = 0.64) averaged across all processing schemes. GEOBIA delivers much higher accuracy when the QUAC correction is employed and if the image is enhanced by GS pansharpening (overall accuracy = 0.79). SWIR bands have not enhanced the classification results and VNIR band combination yields superior performance (overall accuracy = 0.59). The maximum likelihood classifier (PBIA) delivers consistent and reliable performance (overall accuracy = 0.61) across all processing schemes and can be used after DOS correction without pansharpening, as it ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shridhar D. Jawak Sagar F. Wankhede Alvarinho J. Luis Keshava Balakrishna |
author_facet |
Shridhar D. Jawak Sagar F. Wankhede Alvarinho J. Luis Keshava Balakrishna |
author_sort |
Shridhar D. Jawak |
title |
Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
title_short |
Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
title_full |
Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
title_fullStr |
Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multispectral Characteristics of Glacier Surface Facies (Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Himalaya, and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) through Investigations of Pixel and Object-Based Mapping Using Variable Processing Routines |
title_sort |
multispectral characteristics of glacier surface facies (chandra-bhaga basin, himalaya, and ny-ålesund, svalbard) through investigations of pixel and object-based mapping using variable processing routines |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246311 https://doaj.org/article/59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 |
geographic |
Svalbard Ny-Ålesund |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard Ny-Ålesund |
genre |
glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre_facet |
glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 6311, p 6311 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6311 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14246311 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/59c2e30b90b94527a41f7d50324980a6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246311 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
6311 |
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1766010242656632832 |