The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:585421ad4fb04ba98f58c2669e4b1b89 2023-05-15T18:16:14+02:00 The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers E. C. Hunke D. Notz A. K. Turner M. Vancoppenolle 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://doaj.org/article/585421ad4fb04ba98f58c2669e4b1b89 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/989/2011/tc-5-989-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/585421ad4fb04ba98f58c2669e4b1b89 The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 989-1009 (2011) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 2022-12-31T11:48:43Z Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability (determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Cryosphere 5 4 989 1009 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 E. C. Hunke D. Notz A. K. Turner M. Vancoppenolle The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability (determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
E. C. Hunke D. Notz A. K. Turner M. Vancoppenolle |
author_facet |
E. C. Hunke D. Notz A. K. Turner M. Vancoppenolle |
author_sort |
E. C. Hunke |
title |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_short |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_full |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_fullStr |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_full_unstemmed |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_sort |
multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://doaj.org/article/585421ad4fb04ba98f58c2669e4b1b89 |
genre |
Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 989-1009 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/5/989/2011/tc-5-989-2011.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/585421ad4fb04ba98f58c2669e4b1b89 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 |
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The Cryosphere |
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5 |
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4 |
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989 |
op_container_end_page |
1009 |
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1766189738616684544 |