Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere
The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmosp...
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Copernicus Publications
2019
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://doaj.org/article/582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d 2023-05-15T13:59:31+02:00 Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere D. A. Newnham M. A. Clilverd M. Kosch A. Seppälä P. T. Verronen 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://doaj.org/article/582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/1375/2019/amt-12-1375-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 12, Pp 1375-1392 (2019) Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 2022-12-31T13:23:15Z The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O 3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼65 ∘ and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60–80 ∘ . Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64–84 km and mesospheric O 3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O 3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and root-mean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O 3 could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6795c8d189f4e715bc85b29c13e85307"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> –0.22 hPa ( ∼98 –58 km) with 10–17 km ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12 2 1375 1392 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 D. A. Newnham M. A. Clilverd M. Kosch A. Seppälä P. T. Verronen Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
topic_facet |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
description |
The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O 3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼65 ∘ and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60–80 ∘ . Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64–84 km and mesospheric O 3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O 3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and root-mean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O 3 could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6795c8d189f4e715bc85b29c13e85307"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> –0.22 hPa ( ∼98 –58 km) with 10–17 km ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
D. A. Newnham M. A. Clilverd M. Kosch A. Seppälä P. T. Verronen |
author_facet |
D. A. Newnham M. A. Clilverd M. Kosch A. Seppälä P. T. Verronen |
author_sort |
D. A. Newnham |
title |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_short |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_full |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_fullStr |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_sort |
simulation study for ground-based ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://doaj.org/article/582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 12, Pp 1375-1392 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/1375/2019/amt-12-1375-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 1867-1381 1867-8548 https://doaj.org/article/582ff94e777c464084b72a813e41be3d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1375 |
op_container_end_page |
1392 |
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1766268093709942784 |