Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm
Even though the specific surface area (SSA) and the snow area index (SAI) of snow are crucial variables to determine the chemical and climatic impact of the snow cover, few data are available on the subject. We propose here a novel method to measure snow SSA and SAI. It is based on the measurement o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:576db9f6ff4d4c93b6c151daeec70a96 2023-05-15T18:32:24+02:00 Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm J.-C. Gallet F. Domine C. S. Zender G. Picard 2009-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/576db9f6ff4d4c93b6c151daeec70a96 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/3/167/2009/tc-3-167-2009.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/576db9f6ff4d4c93b6c151daeec70a96 The Cryosphere, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 167-182 (2009) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2009 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T04:52:16Z Even though the specific surface area (SSA) and the snow area index (SAI) of snow are crucial variables to determine the chemical and climatic impact of the snow cover, few data are available on the subject. We propose here a novel method to measure snow SSA and SAI. It is based on the measurement of the hemispherical infrared reflectance of snow samples using the DUFISSS instrument (DUal Frequency Integrating Sphere for Snow SSA measurement). DUFISSS uses the 1310 or 1550 nm radiation of laser diodes, an integrating sphere 15 cm in diameter, and InGaAs photodiodes. For SSA<60 m 2 kg −1 , we use the 1310 nm radiation, reflectance is between 15 and 50% and the accuracy of SSA determination is 10%. For SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 , snow is usually of low density (typically 30 to 100 kg m −3 ), resulting in insufficient optical depth and 1310 nm radiation reaches the bottom of the sample, causing artifacts. The 1550 nm radiation is therefore used for SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 . Reflectance is then in the range 5 to 12% and the accuracy on SSA is 12%. We propose empirical equations to determine SSA from reflectance at both wavelengths, with that for 1310 nm taking into account the snow density. DUFISSS has been used to measure the SSA of snow and the SAI of snowpacks in polar and Alpine regions. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 J.-C. Gallet F. Domine C. S. Zender G. Picard Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Even though the specific surface area (SSA) and the snow area index (SAI) of snow are crucial variables to determine the chemical and climatic impact of the snow cover, few data are available on the subject. We propose here a novel method to measure snow SSA and SAI. It is based on the measurement of the hemispherical infrared reflectance of snow samples using the DUFISSS instrument (DUal Frequency Integrating Sphere for Snow SSA measurement). DUFISSS uses the 1310 or 1550 nm radiation of laser diodes, an integrating sphere 15 cm in diameter, and InGaAs photodiodes. For SSA<60 m 2 kg −1 , we use the 1310 nm radiation, reflectance is between 15 and 50% and the accuracy of SSA determination is 10%. For SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 , snow is usually of low density (typically 30 to 100 kg m −3 ), resulting in insufficient optical depth and 1310 nm radiation reaches the bottom of the sample, causing artifacts. The 1550 nm radiation is therefore used for SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 . Reflectance is then in the range 5 to 12% and the accuracy on SSA is 12%. We propose empirical equations to determine SSA from reflectance at both wavelengths, with that for 1310 nm taking into account the snow density. DUFISSS has been used to measure the SSA of snow and the SAI of snowpacks in polar and Alpine regions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J.-C. Gallet F. Domine C. S. Zender G. Picard |
author_facet |
J.-C. Gallet F. Domine C. S. Zender G. Picard |
author_sort |
J.-C. Gallet |
title |
Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
title_short |
Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
title_full |
Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
title_fullStr |
Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
title_sort |
measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/576db9f6ff4d4c93b6c151daeec70a96 |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 167-182 (2009) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/3/167/2009/tc-3-167-2009.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/576db9f6ff4d4c93b6c151daeec70a96 |
_version_ |
1766216513483702272 |