Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors.
Background Cryptosporidium is a major pathogen associated with diarrheal disease in young children. We studied Cryptosporidium diarrhea in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in rural Gambia. Methods We recruited children <5 years of age with moderate-to-severe diarrh...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5748708ca40c4d35887c397d3792d86b 2023-05-15T15:16:15+02:00 Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. M Jahangir Hossain Debasish Saha Martin Antonio Dilruba Nasrin William C Blackwelder Usman N Ikumapayi Grant A Mackenzie Mitchell Adeyemi Momodou Jasseh Richard A Adegbola Anna W Roose Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/article/5748708ca40c4d35887c397d3792d86b EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/article/5748708ca40c4d35887c397d3792d86b PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0007607 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 2022-12-31T07:16:57Z Background Cryptosporidium is a major pathogen associated with diarrheal disease in young children. We studied Cryptosporidium diarrhea in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in rural Gambia. Methods We recruited children <5 years of age with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) for 3 years (2008-2010), and children with either MSD or less severe diarrhea (LSD) for one year (November 2011-November 2012) at sentinel health centers. One or more randomly selected controls were matched to each case. Stool samples were tested to identify Cryptosporidium by immunoassay. A subset of randomly selected case-controls pairs were tested for Cryptosporidium species. We investigated the epidemiology of, and evaluated possible risk factors for, Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea. Results We enrolled 1938 cases (1381 MSD, 557 LSD) and 2969 matched controls; 231/1929 (12.0%) of diarrhea cases and 141/2962 (4.8%) of controls were positive for Cryptosporidium. Most Cryptosporidium diarrhea cases (85.7%, 198/231) were aged 6-23 months, and most (81.4%, 188/231) occurred during the rainy season. Cryptosporidium hominis (C. hominis) was the predominant (82.6%) species. We found associations between increased risk of Cryptosporidium-positive MSD or LSD, or both, with consumption of stored drinking water and certain animals living in the compound-cow, cat (MSD only) and rodents (LSD only). Larger households, fowl living in the compound, and the presence of Giardia infection were associated with decreased risk of Cryptosporidium MSD and LSD. Conclusion Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea is prevalent in this setting, especially at 6-23 months of age. The preponderance of Cryptosporidium infection in the rainy season and increased risk of Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea with consumption of stored drinking water suggest water-borne transmission. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of animals and contamination of stored drinking water in Cryptosporidium transmission. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 7 e0007607 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 M Jahangir Hossain Debasish Saha Martin Antonio Dilruba Nasrin William C Blackwelder Usman N Ikumapayi Grant A Mackenzie Mitchell Adeyemi Momodou Jasseh Richard A Adegbola Anna W Roose Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Cryptosporidium is a major pathogen associated with diarrheal disease in young children. We studied Cryptosporidium diarrhea in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in rural Gambia. Methods We recruited children <5 years of age with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) for 3 years (2008-2010), and children with either MSD or less severe diarrhea (LSD) for one year (November 2011-November 2012) at sentinel health centers. One or more randomly selected controls were matched to each case. Stool samples were tested to identify Cryptosporidium by immunoassay. A subset of randomly selected case-controls pairs were tested for Cryptosporidium species. We investigated the epidemiology of, and evaluated possible risk factors for, Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea. Results We enrolled 1938 cases (1381 MSD, 557 LSD) and 2969 matched controls; 231/1929 (12.0%) of diarrhea cases and 141/2962 (4.8%) of controls were positive for Cryptosporidium. Most Cryptosporidium diarrhea cases (85.7%, 198/231) were aged 6-23 months, and most (81.4%, 188/231) occurred during the rainy season. Cryptosporidium hominis (C. hominis) was the predominant (82.6%) species. We found associations between increased risk of Cryptosporidium-positive MSD or LSD, or both, with consumption of stored drinking water and certain animals living in the compound-cow, cat (MSD only) and rodents (LSD only). Larger households, fowl living in the compound, and the presence of Giardia infection were associated with decreased risk of Cryptosporidium MSD and LSD. Conclusion Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea is prevalent in this setting, especially at 6-23 months of age. The preponderance of Cryptosporidium infection in the rainy season and increased risk of Cryptosporidium-positive diarrhea with consumption of stored drinking water suggest water-borne transmission. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of animals and contamination of stored drinking water in Cryptosporidium transmission. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M Jahangir Hossain Debasish Saha Martin Antonio Dilruba Nasrin William C Blackwelder Usman N Ikumapayi Grant A Mackenzie Mitchell Adeyemi Momodou Jasseh Richard A Adegbola Anna W Roose Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine |
author_facet |
M Jahangir Hossain Debasish Saha Martin Antonio Dilruba Nasrin William C Blackwelder Usman N Ikumapayi Grant A Mackenzie Mitchell Adeyemi Momodou Jasseh Richard A Adegbola Anna W Roose Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine |
author_sort |
M Jahangir Hossain |
title |
Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
title_short |
Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
title_full |
Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
title_fullStr |
Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors. |
title_sort |
cryptosporidium infection in rural gambian children: epidemiology and risk factors. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/article/5748708ca40c4d35887c397d3792d86b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0007607 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 https://doaj.org/article/5748708ca40c4d35887c397d3792d86b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007607 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e0007607 |
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1766346538862247936 |