Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard
Metals and metalloids in snow on glaciers, depending on the season of deposition, may come from various sources: local rock dust (erosion of the geological substratum), marine aerosol, local human activity (e.g., impurities in combusted fuel and waste incineration), and long-range atmospheric transp...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5747f4b5e7e941c1b59885c1aaff7341 2023-05-15T15:15:06+02:00 Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard Krystyna Koziol Aleksander Uszczyk Filip Pawlak Marcin Frankowski Żaneta Polkowska 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.538762 https://doaj.org/article/5747f4b5e7e941c1b59885c1aaff7341 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.538762/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463 2296-6463 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.538762 https://doaj.org/article/5747f4b5e7e941c1b59885c1aaff7341 Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 8 (2021) Svalbard Arctic spatial distribution snow heavy metals trace elements Science Q article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.538762 2022-12-30T22:02:34Z Metals and metalloids in snow on glaciers, depending on the season of deposition, may come from various sources: local rock dust (erosion of the geological substratum), marine aerosol, local human activity (e.g., impurities in combusted fuel and waste incineration), and long-range atmospheric transport. Hansbreen, a glacier located close to the Polish Polar Station in southern Svalbard, is a perfect site to study metals and metalloids: it has a complex geological substratum, has a year-round presence of a small group of people, and is near the coast. We analyzed a snapshot of metal and metalloid concentrations in snow samples from shallow cores corresponding to autumn, winter, and spring deposition on Hansbreen. Eighteen cores of snow were collected across the glacier, revealing the influence of potential local sources of metals and metalloids. In these samples, we predominantly found Na, Mg, and K, followed by Zn, Ca, Al, and Fe. Heavy metals, such as Bi or Hg, were also detected. Cluster analysis of the determined elemental concentrations divided them into three distinct groups: Group 1: Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se, and Zn—the most diverse cluster, representing mostly long-range transported volatile elements, with possible extra local geological sources; Group 2: Al, Fe, Cu, and Mn—elements with crustal sources; and Group 3: Na, Ca, Mg, K, and Sr—with the main source in sea spray aerosol. The latter interpretation was confirmed by the calculation of sea salt contribution based on the composition of mean seawater and the positive significant correlation between their concentrations and the electrical conductivity of snow samples. In the study site, snow was up to six times more efficient in bringing metal pollution into terrestrial environment, when compared to rain. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic glacier Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Hansbreen ENVELOPE(15.650,15.650,77.075,77.075) Svalbard Frontiers in Earth Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Svalbard Arctic spatial distribution snow heavy metals trace elements Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Svalbard Arctic spatial distribution snow heavy metals trace elements Science Q Krystyna Koziol Aleksander Uszczyk Filip Pawlak Marcin Frankowski Żaneta Polkowska Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Svalbard Arctic spatial distribution snow heavy metals trace elements Science Q |
description |
Metals and metalloids in snow on glaciers, depending on the season of deposition, may come from various sources: local rock dust (erosion of the geological substratum), marine aerosol, local human activity (e.g., impurities in combusted fuel and waste incineration), and long-range atmospheric transport. Hansbreen, a glacier located close to the Polish Polar Station in southern Svalbard, is a perfect site to study metals and metalloids: it has a complex geological substratum, has a year-round presence of a small group of people, and is near the coast. We analyzed a snapshot of metal and metalloid concentrations in snow samples from shallow cores corresponding to autumn, winter, and spring deposition on Hansbreen. Eighteen cores of snow were collected across the glacier, revealing the influence of potential local sources of metals and metalloids. In these samples, we predominantly found Na, Mg, and K, followed by Zn, Ca, Al, and Fe. Heavy metals, such as Bi or Hg, were also detected. Cluster analysis of the determined elemental concentrations divided them into three distinct groups: Group 1: Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se, and Zn—the most diverse cluster, representing mostly long-range transported volatile elements, with possible extra local geological sources; Group 2: Al, Fe, Cu, and Mn—elements with crustal sources; and Group 3: Na, Ca, Mg, K, and Sr—with the main source in sea spray aerosol. The latter interpretation was confirmed by the calculation of sea salt contribution based on the composition of mean seawater and the positive significant correlation between their concentrations and the electrical conductivity of snow samples. In the study site, snow was up to six times more efficient in bringing metal pollution into terrestrial environment, when compared to rain. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Krystyna Koziol Aleksander Uszczyk Filip Pawlak Marcin Frankowski Żaneta Polkowska |
author_facet |
Krystyna Koziol Aleksander Uszczyk Filip Pawlak Marcin Frankowski Żaneta Polkowska |
author_sort |
Krystyna Koziol |
title |
Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
title_short |
Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
title_full |
Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal and Spatial Differences in Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in the Snow Cover of Hansbreen, Svalbard |
title_sort |
seasonal and spatial differences in metal and metalloid concentrations in the snow cover of hansbreen, svalbard |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.538762 https://doaj.org/article/5747f4b5e7e941c1b59885c1aaff7341 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(15.650,15.650,77.075,77.075) |
geographic |
Arctic Hansbreen Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Hansbreen Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic glacier Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic glacier Svalbard |
op_source |
Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.538762/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463 2296-6463 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.538762 https://doaj.org/article/5747f4b5e7e941c1b59885c1aaff7341 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.538762 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766345474520907776 |