Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.
The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the pro...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:573b4a87795a418d9d019ab35d396c90 2023-05-15T15:15:14+02:00 Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Mohammad Islamuddin Garima Chouhan Muzamil Yaqub Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg Farhat Afrin 2016-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 https://doaj.org/article/573b4a87795a418d9d019ab35d396c90 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5077126?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 https://doaj.org/article/573b4a87795a418d9d019ab35d396c90 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e0005011 (2016) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 2022-12-31T13:05:54Z The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the problem with plant-derived antileishmanial drug that could concomitantly mitigate the immune suppression of the infected hosts. Several plant-derived compounds have been found to exert leishmanicidal activity via immunomodulation. In this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eugenol emulsion (EE), complemented with its immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of VL.Oil-in-water emulsion of eugenol (EE) was prepared and size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). EE exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.43±0.96 μg ml-1 and 5.05±1.72 μg ml─1, respectively against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. For in vivo effectiveness, EE was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg b.w./day for 10 days) to 8 week-infected BALB/c mice. The cytotoxicity of EE was assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as in naive mice. EE induced a significant drop in hepatic and splenic parasite burdens as well as diminution in spleen and liver weights 10 days post-treatment, with augmentation of 24h-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and high IgG2a:IgG1, mirroring induction of CMI. Enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, with fall in disease-associated Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) detected by flow cytometric bead-based array, substantiated the Th1 immune signature. Lymphoproliferation and nitric oxide release were significantly elevated upon antigen revoke in vitro. The immune-stimulatory activity of EE was further corroborated by expansion of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes and up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 on peritoneal macrophages. EE treated groups exhibited induction of CD8+ ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 10 e0005011 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Mohammad Islamuddin Garima Chouhan Muzamil Yaqub Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg Farhat Afrin Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the problem with plant-derived antileishmanial drug that could concomitantly mitigate the immune suppression of the infected hosts. Several plant-derived compounds have been found to exert leishmanicidal activity via immunomodulation. In this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eugenol emulsion (EE), complemented with its immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of VL.Oil-in-water emulsion of eugenol (EE) was prepared and size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). EE exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.43±0.96 μg ml-1 and 5.05±1.72 μg ml─1, respectively against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. For in vivo effectiveness, EE was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg b.w./day for 10 days) to 8 week-infected BALB/c mice. The cytotoxicity of EE was assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as in naive mice. EE induced a significant drop in hepatic and splenic parasite burdens as well as diminution in spleen and liver weights 10 days post-treatment, with augmentation of 24h-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and high IgG2a:IgG1, mirroring induction of CMI. Enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, with fall in disease-associated Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) detected by flow cytometric bead-based array, substantiated the Th1 immune signature. Lymphoproliferation and nitric oxide release were significantly elevated upon antigen revoke in vitro. The immune-stimulatory activity of EE was further corroborated by expansion of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes and up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 on peritoneal macrophages. EE treated groups exhibited induction of CD8+ ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mohammad Islamuddin Garima Chouhan Muzamil Yaqub Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg Farhat Afrin |
author_facet |
Mohammad Islamuddin Garima Chouhan Muzamil Yaqub Want Hani A Ozbak Hassan A Hemeg Farhat Afrin |
author_sort |
Mohammad Islamuddin |
title |
Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
title_short |
Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
title_full |
Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
title_fullStr |
Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. |
title_sort |
immunotherapeutic potential of eugenol emulsion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 https://doaj.org/article/573b4a87795a418d9d019ab35d396c90 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e0005011 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5077126?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 https://doaj.org/article/573b4a87795a418d9d019ab35d396c90 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
e0005011 |
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1766345606543966208 |