Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods
A wealth of research has focused on elucidating the key controls on mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in response to climate forcing, specifically in relation to the drivers of marine-terminating outlet glacier change. The manual methods traditionally used to monitor change in sa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:55e9c0b8bc2a4ccbab427d49f4413526 2023-05-15T13:58:33+02:00 Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods M. Marochov C. R. Stokes P. E. Carbonneau 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 https://doaj.org/article/55e9c0b8bc2a4ccbab427d49f4413526 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5041/2021/tc-15-5041-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/55e9c0b8bc2a4ccbab427d49f4413526 The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 5041-5059 (2021) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 2022-12-31T07:16:44Z A wealth of research has focused on elucidating the key controls on mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in response to climate forcing, specifically in relation to the drivers of marine-terminating outlet glacier change. The manual methods traditionally used to monitor change in satellite imagery of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are time-consuming and can be subjective, especially where mélange exists at the terminus. Recent advances in deep learning applied to image processing have created a new frontier in the field of automated delineation of glacier calving fronts. However, there remains a paucity of research on the use of deep learning for pixel-level semantic image classification of outlet glacier environments. Here, we apply and test a two-phase deep learning approach based on a well-established convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The novel workflow, termed CNN-Supervised Classification (CSC) is adapted to produce multi-class outputs for unseen test imagery of glacial environments containing marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland. Different CNN input parameters and training techniques are tested, with overall F 1 scores for resulting classifications reaching up to 94 % for in-sample test data (Helheim Glacier) and 96 % for out-of-sample test data (Jakobshavn Isbrae and Store Glacier), establishing a state of the art in classification of marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland. Predicted calving fronts derived using optimal CSC input parameters have a mean deviation of 56.17 m (5.6 px) and median deviation of 24.7 m (2.5 px) from manually digitised fronts. This demonstrates the transferability and robustness of the deep learning workflow despite complex and seasonally variable imagery. Future research could focus on the integration of deep learning classification workflows with free cloud-based platforms, to efficiently classify imagery and produce datasets for a range of glacial applications without the need for ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland Jakobshavn The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Greenland The Cryosphere 15 11 5041 5059 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 M. Marochov C. R. Stokes P. E. Carbonneau Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
A wealth of research has focused on elucidating the key controls on mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in response to climate forcing, specifically in relation to the drivers of marine-terminating outlet glacier change. The manual methods traditionally used to monitor change in satellite imagery of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are time-consuming and can be subjective, especially where mélange exists at the terminus. Recent advances in deep learning applied to image processing have created a new frontier in the field of automated delineation of glacier calving fronts. However, there remains a paucity of research on the use of deep learning for pixel-level semantic image classification of outlet glacier environments. Here, we apply and test a two-phase deep learning approach based on a well-established convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The novel workflow, termed CNN-Supervised Classification (CSC) is adapted to produce multi-class outputs for unseen test imagery of glacial environments containing marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland. Different CNN input parameters and training techniques are tested, with overall F 1 scores for resulting classifications reaching up to 94 % for in-sample test data (Helheim Glacier) and 96 % for out-of-sample test data (Jakobshavn Isbrae and Store Glacier), establishing a state of the art in classification of marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland. Predicted calving fronts derived using optimal CSC input parameters have a mean deviation of 56.17 m (5.6 px) and median deviation of 24.7 m (2.5 px) from manually digitised fronts. This demonstrates the transferability and robustness of the deep learning workflow despite complex and seasonally variable imagery. Future research could focus on the integration of deep learning classification workflows with free cloud-based platforms, to efficiently classify imagery and produce datasets for a range of glacial applications without the need for ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Marochov C. R. Stokes P. E. Carbonneau |
author_facet |
M. Marochov C. R. Stokes P. E. Carbonneau |
author_sort |
M. Marochov |
title |
Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
title_short |
Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
title_full |
Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
title_fullStr |
Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland using deep learning methods |
title_sort |
image classification of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in greenland using deep learning methods |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 https://doaj.org/article/55e9c0b8bc2a4ccbab427d49f4413526 |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland Jakobshavn The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland Jakobshavn The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 15, Pp 5041-5059 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/5041/2021/tc-15-5041-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 1994-0416 1994-0424 https://doaj.org/article/55e9c0b8bc2a4ccbab427d49f4413526 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5041-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
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15 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
5041 |
op_container_end_page |
5059 |
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1766266906122125312 |