Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival
Four case studies are used to examine the relationships of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in the cold survival of invertebrates and the viability of frozen plant material: the freeze intolerant Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem) (Collembola, Isotomidae), the freeze tolerant...
Published in: | European Journal of Entomology |
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Language: | English |
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Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science
2002
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2002.035 https://doaj.org/article/55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d 2023-05-15T13:37:52+02:00 Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival William BLOCK 2002-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2002.035 https://doaj.org/article/55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d EN eng Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science https://www.eje.cz/artkey/eje-200202-0015_Interactions_of_water_ice_nucleators_and_desiccation_in_invertebrate_cold_survival.php https://doaj.org/toc/1210-5759 https://doaj.org/toc/1802-8829 1210-5759 1802-8829 doi:10.14411/eje.2002.035 https://doaj.org/article/55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d European Journal of Entomology, Vol 99, Iss 2, Pp 259-266 (2002) cold survival water ice nucleators desiccation cryptopygus antarcticus heleomyza borealis onychiurus arcticus ribes ciliatum vitrification cryopreservation Zoology QL1-991 article 2002 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2002.035 2022-12-31T06:49:40Z Four case studies are used to examine the relationships of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in the cold survival of invertebrates and the viability of frozen plant material: the freeze intolerant Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem) (Collembola, Isotomidae), the freeze tolerant larvae of the fly Heleomyza borealis Boh. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), the freeze intolerant Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola, Onychiuridae) and meristems of the currant Ribes ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.(Grossulariaceae) from Mexico. Prevention of ice nucleation, lowering the water content by removal of osmotically active (freezable) water are critical features of the different cold survival strategies of the three species of invertebrates. In C. antarcticus, which desiccates rapidly by losing water via the cuticle to the atmosphere, the number of ice nucleators (and their activity) increases with lowered ambient temperature. During prolonged cold exposure ice nucleators are masked, but re-activated rapidly by water uptake in this species. Larval H. borealis do not readily desiccate and conserve their body water, 20-25% of it being bound (osmotically inactive). Experiments showed that a high proportion (c. 80%) of slowly cooled larvae survived exposure to -60°C. By comparison O. arcticus is able to sustain up to 40% loss of its body water and desiccation lowers its supercooling point to promote over winter survival. Dehydration leading to partial vitrification of currant (R. ciliatum) meristems improves their viability after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. From this comparison of four biological systems, it is concluded that the role of water and its activity at sub-zero temperatures are fundamental to the survival of freezing conditions by all the species studied. Although similar features exist in the four systems, no common basic mechanism was found. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Springtail antarcticus Arctic Cryptopygus antarcticus Springtail Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Antarctic Ribes ENVELOPE(-60.633,-60.633,-62.650,-62.650) European Journal of Entomology 99 2 259 266 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
cold survival water ice nucleators desiccation cryptopygus antarcticus heleomyza borealis onychiurus arcticus ribes ciliatum vitrification cryopreservation Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
cold survival water ice nucleators desiccation cryptopygus antarcticus heleomyza borealis onychiurus arcticus ribes ciliatum vitrification cryopreservation Zoology QL1-991 William BLOCK Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
topic_facet |
cold survival water ice nucleators desiccation cryptopygus antarcticus heleomyza borealis onychiurus arcticus ribes ciliatum vitrification cryopreservation Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Four case studies are used to examine the relationships of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in the cold survival of invertebrates and the viability of frozen plant material: the freeze intolerant Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem) (Collembola, Isotomidae), the freeze tolerant larvae of the fly Heleomyza borealis Boh. (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), the freeze intolerant Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola, Onychiuridae) and meristems of the currant Ribes ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.(Grossulariaceae) from Mexico. Prevention of ice nucleation, lowering the water content by removal of osmotically active (freezable) water are critical features of the different cold survival strategies of the three species of invertebrates. In C. antarcticus, which desiccates rapidly by losing water via the cuticle to the atmosphere, the number of ice nucleators (and their activity) increases with lowered ambient temperature. During prolonged cold exposure ice nucleators are masked, but re-activated rapidly by water uptake in this species. Larval H. borealis do not readily desiccate and conserve their body water, 20-25% of it being bound (osmotically inactive). Experiments showed that a high proportion (c. 80%) of slowly cooled larvae survived exposure to -60°C. By comparison O. arcticus is able to sustain up to 40% loss of its body water and desiccation lowers its supercooling point to promote over winter survival. Dehydration leading to partial vitrification of currant (R. ciliatum) meristems improves their viability after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. From this comparison of four biological systems, it is concluded that the role of water and its activity at sub-zero temperatures are fundamental to the survival of freezing conditions by all the species studied. Although similar features exist in the four systems, no common basic mechanism was found. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
William BLOCK |
author_facet |
William BLOCK |
author_sort |
William BLOCK |
title |
Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
title_short |
Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
title_full |
Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
title_fullStr |
Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
title_sort |
interactions of water, ice nucleators and desiccation in invertebrate cold survival |
publisher |
Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2002.035 https://doaj.org/article/55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.633,-60.633,-62.650,-62.650) |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Ribes |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Ribes |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Springtail antarcticus Arctic Cryptopygus antarcticus Springtail |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Springtail antarcticus Arctic Cryptopygus antarcticus Springtail |
op_source |
European Journal of Entomology, Vol 99, Iss 2, Pp 259-266 (2002) |
op_relation |
https://www.eje.cz/artkey/eje-200202-0015_Interactions_of_water_ice_nucleators_and_desiccation_in_invertebrate_cold_survival.php https://doaj.org/toc/1210-5759 https://doaj.org/toc/1802-8829 1210-5759 1802-8829 doi:10.14411/eje.2002.035 https://doaj.org/article/55b9eb89ce0d46f1a2d99e5f90007e3d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2002.035 |
container_title |
European Journal of Entomology |
container_volume |
99 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
259 |
op_container_end_page |
266 |
_version_ |
1766098506748002304 |