Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor
Climate change has affected the Arctic Ocean (AO) and its marginal seas significantly. The reduction of sea ice in the Arctic region has altered the magnitude of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) entering the water column, impacting primary productivity. Increasing cloudiness in the atmos...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:558540f164434ba1bb38c44a11338052 2023-05-15T14:36:50+02:00 Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor Rakesh Kumar Singh Anna Vader Christopher J. Mundy Janne E. Søreide Katrin Iken Kenneth H. Dunton Laura Castro de la Guardia Mikael K. Sejr Simon Bélanger 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205180 https://doaj.org/article/558540f164434ba1bb38c44a11338052 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5180 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14205180 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/558540f164434ba1bb38c44a11338052 Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5180, p 5180 (2022) photosynthetically available radiation ocean colour remote sensing climate change Arctic Ocean primary production turbidity Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205180 2022-12-30T20:46:32Z Climate change has affected the Arctic Ocean (AO) and its marginal seas significantly. The reduction of sea ice in the Arctic region has altered the magnitude of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) entering the water column, impacting primary productivity. Increasing cloudiness in the atmosphere and rising turbidity in the coastal waters of the Arctic region are considered as the major factors that counteract the effect of reduced sea ice on underwater PAR. Additionally, extreme solar zenith angles and sea-ice cover in the AO increase the complexity of retrieving PAR. In this study, a PAR algorithm based on radiative transfer in the atmosphere and satellite observations is implemented to evaluate the effect of these factors on PAR in the coastal AO. To improve the performance of the algorithm, a flag is defined to identify pixels containing open-water, sea-ice or cloud. The use of flag enabled selective application of algorithms to compute the input parameters for the PAR algorithm. The PAR algorithm is validated using in situ measurements from various coastal sites in the Arctic and sub-Arctic seas. The algorithm estimated daily integrated PAR above the sea surface with an uncertainty of 19% in summer. The uncertainty increased to 24% when the algorithm was applied year-round. The PAR values at the seafloor were estimated with an uncertainty of 76%, with 36% of the samples under sea ice and/or cloud cover. The robust performance of the PAR algorithm in the pan-Arctic region throughout the year will help to effectively study the temporal and spatial variability of PAR in the Arctic coastal waters. The calculated PAR data are used to quantify the changing trend in PAR at the seafloor in the coastal AO with depth < 100 m using MODIS-Aqua data from 2003 to 2020. The general trends calculated using the pixels with average PAR > 0.415 mol m <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 14 20 5180 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
photosynthetically available radiation ocean colour remote sensing climate change Arctic Ocean primary production turbidity Science Q |
spellingShingle |
photosynthetically available radiation ocean colour remote sensing climate change Arctic Ocean primary production turbidity Science Q Rakesh Kumar Singh Anna Vader Christopher J. Mundy Janne E. Søreide Katrin Iken Kenneth H. Dunton Laura Castro de la Guardia Mikael K. Sejr Simon Bélanger Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
topic_facet |
photosynthetically available radiation ocean colour remote sensing climate change Arctic Ocean primary production turbidity Science Q |
description |
Climate change has affected the Arctic Ocean (AO) and its marginal seas significantly. The reduction of sea ice in the Arctic region has altered the magnitude of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) entering the water column, impacting primary productivity. Increasing cloudiness in the atmosphere and rising turbidity in the coastal waters of the Arctic region are considered as the major factors that counteract the effect of reduced sea ice on underwater PAR. Additionally, extreme solar zenith angles and sea-ice cover in the AO increase the complexity of retrieving PAR. In this study, a PAR algorithm based on radiative transfer in the atmosphere and satellite observations is implemented to evaluate the effect of these factors on PAR in the coastal AO. To improve the performance of the algorithm, a flag is defined to identify pixels containing open-water, sea-ice or cloud. The use of flag enabled selective application of algorithms to compute the input parameters for the PAR algorithm. The PAR algorithm is validated using in situ measurements from various coastal sites in the Arctic and sub-Arctic seas. The algorithm estimated daily integrated PAR above the sea surface with an uncertainty of 19% in summer. The uncertainty increased to 24% when the algorithm was applied year-round. The PAR values at the seafloor were estimated with an uncertainty of 76%, with 36% of the samples under sea ice and/or cloud cover. The robust performance of the PAR algorithm in the pan-Arctic region throughout the year will help to effectively study the temporal and spatial variability of PAR in the Arctic coastal waters. The calculated PAR data are used to quantify the changing trend in PAR at the seafloor in the coastal AO with depth < 100 m using MODIS-Aqua data from 2003 to 2020. The general trends calculated using the pixels with average PAR > 0.415 mol m <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rakesh Kumar Singh Anna Vader Christopher J. Mundy Janne E. Søreide Katrin Iken Kenneth H. Dunton Laura Castro de la Guardia Mikael K. Sejr Simon Bélanger |
author_facet |
Rakesh Kumar Singh Anna Vader Christopher J. Mundy Janne E. Søreide Katrin Iken Kenneth H. Dunton Laura Castro de la Guardia Mikael K. Sejr Simon Bélanger |
author_sort |
Rakesh Kumar Singh |
title |
Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
title_short |
Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
title_full |
Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
title_fullStr |
Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
title_full_unstemmed |
Satellite-Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation at the Coastal Arctic Seafloor |
title_sort |
satellite-derived photosynthetically available radiation at the coastal arctic seafloor |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205180 https://doaj.org/article/558540f164434ba1bb38c44a11338052 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5180, p 5180 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/20/5180 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14205180 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/558540f164434ba1bb38c44a11338052 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205180 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
5180 |
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1766309372158279680 |