Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves
The size structure and biomass of a phytoplankton community during the spring bloom period can affect the energy use of higher-trophic-level organisms through the predator–prey body size relationships. The timing of the sea ice retreat (TSR) also plays a crucial role in the seasonally ice-covered ma...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:553f7d9411f04693b8eafff6000b5fdf 2023-05-15T15:54:35+02:00 Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves A. Fujiwara T. Hirawake K. Suzuki L. Eisner I. Imai S. Nishino T. Kikuchi S.-I. Saitoh 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 https://doaj.org/article/553f7d9411f04693b8eafff6000b5fdf EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/115/2016/bg-13-115-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 https://doaj.org/article/553f7d9411f04693b8eafff6000b5fdf Biogeosciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 115-131 (2016) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 2022-12-31T03:59:24Z The size structure and biomass of a phytoplankton community during the spring bloom period can affect the energy use of higher-trophic-level organisms through the predator–prey body size relationships. The timing of the sea ice retreat (TSR) also plays a crucial role in the seasonally ice-covered marine ecosystem, because it is tightly coupled with the timing of the spring bloom. Thus, it is important to monitor the temporal and spatial distributions of a phytoplankton community size structure. Prior to this study, an ocean colour algorithm was developed to derive phytoplankton size index F L , which is defined as the ratio of chlorophyll <Ei>a (chl a ) derived from cells larger than 5 µm to the total chl a , using satellite remote sensing for the Chukchi and Bering shelves. Using this method, we analysed the pixel-by-pixel relationships between F L during the marginal ice zone (MIZ) bloom period and TSR over the period of 1998–2013. The influences of the TSR on the sea surface temperature (SST) and changes in ocean heat content (ΔOHC) during the MIZ bloom period were also investigated. A significant negative relationship between F L and the TSR was widely found in the shelf region during the MIZ bloom season. However, we found a significant positive (negative) relationship between the SST (ΔOHC) and TSR. Specifically, an earlier sea ice retreat was associated with the dominance of larger phytoplankton during a colder and weakly stratified MIZ bloom season, suggesting that the duration of the nitrate supply, which is important for the growth of large-sized phytoplankton in this region (i.e. diatoms), can change according to the TSR. In addition, under-ice phytoplankton blooms are likely to occur in years with late ice retreat, because sufficient light for phytoplankton growth can pass through the ice and penetrate into the water columns as a result of an increase in solar radiation toward the summer solstice. Moreover, we found that both the length of the ice-free season and the annual median of F L ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Chukchi Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Biogeosciences 13 1 115 131 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 A. Fujiwara T. Hirawake K. Suzuki L. Eisner I. Imai S. Nishino T. Kikuchi S.-I. Saitoh Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The size structure and biomass of a phytoplankton community during the spring bloom period can affect the energy use of higher-trophic-level organisms through the predator–prey body size relationships. The timing of the sea ice retreat (TSR) also plays a crucial role in the seasonally ice-covered marine ecosystem, because it is tightly coupled with the timing of the spring bloom. Thus, it is important to monitor the temporal and spatial distributions of a phytoplankton community size structure. Prior to this study, an ocean colour algorithm was developed to derive phytoplankton size index F L , which is defined as the ratio of chlorophyll <Ei>a (chl a ) derived from cells larger than 5 µm to the total chl a , using satellite remote sensing for the Chukchi and Bering shelves. Using this method, we analysed the pixel-by-pixel relationships between F L during the marginal ice zone (MIZ) bloom period and TSR over the period of 1998–2013. The influences of the TSR on the sea surface temperature (SST) and changes in ocean heat content (ΔOHC) during the MIZ bloom period were also investigated. A significant negative relationship between F L and the TSR was widely found in the shelf region during the MIZ bloom season. However, we found a significant positive (negative) relationship between the SST (ΔOHC) and TSR. Specifically, an earlier sea ice retreat was associated with the dominance of larger phytoplankton during a colder and weakly stratified MIZ bloom season, suggesting that the duration of the nitrate supply, which is important for the growth of large-sized phytoplankton in this region (i.e. diatoms), can change according to the TSR. In addition, under-ice phytoplankton blooms are likely to occur in years with late ice retreat, because sufficient light for phytoplankton growth can pass through the ice and penetrate into the water columns as a result of an increase in solar radiation toward the summer solstice. Moreover, we found that both the length of the ice-free season and the annual median of F L ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. Fujiwara T. Hirawake K. Suzuki L. Eisner I. Imai S. Nishino T. Kikuchi S.-I. Saitoh |
author_facet |
A. Fujiwara T. Hirawake K. Suzuki L. Eisner I. Imai S. Nishino T. Kikuchi S.-I. Saitoh |
author_sort |
A. Fujiwara |
title |
Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
title_short |
Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
title_full |
Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
title_fullStr |
Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves |
title_sort |
influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the chukchi and bering shelves |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 https://doaj.org/article/553f7d9411f04693b8eafff6000b5fdf |
genre |
Chukchi Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Chukchi Sea ice |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 115-131 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/115/2016/bg-13-115-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 https://doaj.org/article/553f7d9411f04693b8eafff6000b5fdf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
115 |
op_container_end_page |
131 |
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1766389820256419840 |