Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream
The effects of ocean acidification on fish are only partially understood. Studies on olfaction are mostly limited to behavioral alterations of coral reef fish; studies on temperate species and/or with economic importance are scarce. The current study evaluated the effects of short- and medium-term e...
Published in: | Frontiers in Physiology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 https://doaj.org/article/54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 2023-05-15T17:49:43+02:00 Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream Zélia Velez Christina C. Roggatz David M. Benoit Jörg D. Hardege Peter C. Hubbard 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 https://doaj.org/article/54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X 1664-042X doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 https://doaj.org/article/54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 10 (2019) olfaction ocean acidification fish amino acid receptor olfactory epithelium Physiology QP1-981 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 2022-12-30T21:10:57Z The effects of ocean acidification on fish are only partially understood. Studies on olfaction are mostly limited to behavioral alterations of coral reef fish; studies on temperate species and/or with economic importance are scarce. The current study evaluated the effects of short- and medium-term exposure to ocean acidification on the olfactory system of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and attempted to explain observed differences in sensitivity by changes in the protonation state of amino acid odorants. Short-term exposure to elevated PCO2 decreased olfactory sensitivity to some odorants, such as L-serine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-glutamate, and conspecific intestinal fluid, but not to others, such as L-glutamine and conspecific bile fluid. Seabream were unable to compensate for high PCO2 levels in the medium term; after 4 weeks exposure to high PCO2, the olfactory sensitivity remained lower in elevated PCO2 water. The decrease in olfactory sensitivity in high PCO2 water could be partly attributed to changes in the protonation state of the odorants and/or their receptor(s); we illustrate how protonation due to reduced pH causes changes in the charge distribution of odorant molecules, an essential component for ligand-receptor interaction. However, there are other mechanisms involved. At a histological level, the olfactory epithelium contained higher densities of mucus cells in fish kept in high CO2 water, and a shift in pH of the mucus they produced to more neutral. These differences suggest a physiological response of the olfactory epithelium to lower pH and/or high CO2 levels, but an inability to fully counteract the effects of acidification on olfactory sensitivity. Therefore, the current study provides evidence for a direct, medium term, global effect of ocean acidification on olfactory sensitivity in fish, and possibly other marine organisms, and suggests a partial explanatory mechanism. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Physiology 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
olfaction ocean acidification fish amino acid receptor olfactory epithelium Physiology QP1-981 |
spellingShingle |
olfaction ocean acidification fish amino acid receptor olfactory epithelium Physiology QP1-981 Zélia Velez Christina C. Roggatz David M. Benoit Jörg D. Hardege Peter C. Hubbard Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
topic_facet |
olfaction ocean acidification fish amino acid receptor olfactory epithelium Physiology QP1-981 |
description |
The effects of ocean acidification on fish are only partially understood. Studies on olfaction are mostly limited to behavioral alterations of coral reef fish; studies on temperate species and/or with economic importance are scarce. The current study evaluated the effects of short- and medium-term exposure to ocean acidification on the olfactory system of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and attempted to explain observed differences in sensitivity by changes in the protonation state of amino acid odorants. Short-term exposure to elevated PCO2 decreased olfactory sensitivity to some odorants, such as L-serine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-glutamate, and conspecific intestinal fluid, but not to others, such as L-glutamine and conspecific bile fluid. Seabream were unable to compensate for high PCO2 levels in the medium term; after 4 weeks exposure to high PCO2, the olfactory sensitivity remained lower in elevated PCO2 water. The decrease in olfactory sensitivity in high PCO2 water could be partly attributed to changes in the protonation state of the odorants and/or their receptor(s); we illustrate how protonation due to reduced pH causes changes in the charge distribution of odorant molecules, an essential component for ligand-receptor interaction. However, there are other mechanisms involved. At a histological level, the olfactory epithelium contained higher densities of mucus cells in fish kept in high CO2 water, and a shift in pH of the mucus they produced to more neutral. These differences suggest a physiological response of the olfactory epithelium to lower pH and/or high CO2 levels, but an inability to fully counteract the effects of acidification on olfactory sensitivity. Therefore, the current study provides evidence for a direct, medium term, global effect of ocean acidification on olfactory sensitivity in fish, and possibly other marine organisms, and suggests a partial explanatory mechanism. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zélia Velez Christina C. Roggatz David M. Benoit Jörg D. Hardege Peter C. Hubbard |
author_facet |
Zélia Velez Christina C. Roggatz David M. Benoit Jörg D. Hardege Peter C. Hubbard |
author_sort |
Zélia Velez |
title |
Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
title_short |
Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
title_full |
Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
title_fullStr |
Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
title_full_unstemmed |
Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream |
title_sort |
short- and medium-term exposure to ocean acidification reduces olfactory sensitivity in gilthead seabream |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 https://doaj.org/article/54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 10 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X 1664-042X doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 https://doaj.org/article/54b53383b6cf47298f209d15c499cb90 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00731 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Physiology |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1766156150391177216 |