Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data
Recently two gridded sea surface salinity (SSS) products that cover the Arctic Ocean have been derived from the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission: one developed by the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) and the other developed by the Ocean Salinity Experti...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:545284fe8619486fb9fc49faa279688c 2023-05-15T14:54:27+02:00 Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data J. Xie R. P. Raj L. Bertino A. Samuelsen T. Wakamatsu 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 https://doaj.org/article/545284fe8619486fb9fc49faa279688c EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.ocean-sci.net/15/1191/2019/os-15-1191-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/545284fe8619486fb9fc49faa279688c Ocean Science, Vol 15, Pp 1191-1206 (2019) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 2022-12-31T02:06:08Z Recently two gridded sea surface salinity (SSS) products that cover the Arctic Ocean have been derived from the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission: one developed by the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) and the other developed by the Ocean Salinity Expertise Center of the Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS at IFREMER (The French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (CEC). The uncertainties of these two SSS products are quantified during the period of 2011–2013 against other SSS products: one data assimilative regional reanalysis; one data-driven reprocessing in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Services (CMEMS); two climatologies – the 2013 World Ocean Atlas (WOA) and the Polar science center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC); and in situ datasets, both assimilated and independent. The CMEMS reanalysis comes from the TOPAZ4 system, which assimilates a large set of ocean and sea-ice observations using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Another CMEMS product is the Multi-OBservations reprocessing (MOB), a multivariate objective analysis combining in situ data with satellite SSS. The monthly root mean squared deviations (RMSD) of both SMOS products, compared to the TOPAZ4 reanalysis, reach 1.5 psu in the Arctic summer, while in the winter months the BEC SSS is closer to TOPAZ4 with a deviation of 0.5 psu. The comparison of CEC satellite SSS against in situ data shows Atlantic Water that is too fresh in the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas, and in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, consistent with the abnormally fresh deviations from TOPAZ4. When compared to independent in situ data in the Beaufort Sea, the BEC product shows the smallest bias (< 0.1 psu) in summer and the smallest RMSD (1.8 psu). The results also show that all six SSS products share a common challenge: representing freshwater masses (< 24 psu) in the central Arctic. Along the Norwegian coast and at the southwestern coast of Greenland, the BEC SSS shows smaller errors ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Greenland Nordic Seas North Atlantic Polar Science Center Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland Ocean Science 15 5 1191 1206 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 J. Xie R. P. Raj L. Bertino A. Samuelsen T. Wakamatsu Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Recently two gridded sea surface salinity (SSS) products that cover the Arctic Ocean have been derived from the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission: one developed by the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) and the other developed by the Ocean Salinity Expertise Center of the Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS at IFREMER (The French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (CEC). The uncertainties of these two SSS products are quantified during the period of 2011–2013 against other SSS products: one data assimilative regional reanalysis; one data-driven reprocessing in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Services (CMEMS); two climatologies – the 2013 World Ocean Atlas (WOA) and the Polar science center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC); and in situ datasets, both assimilated and independent. The CMEMS reanalysis comes from the TOPAZ4 system, which assimilates a large set of ocean and sea-ice observations using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Another CMEMS product is the Multi-OBservations reprocessing (MOB), a multivariate objective analysis combining in situ data with satellite SSS. The monthly root mean squared deviations (RMSD) of both SMOS products, compared to the TOPAZ4 reanalysis, reach 1.5 psu in the Arctic summer, while in the winter months the BEC SSS is closer to TOPAZ4 with a deviation of 0.5 psu. The comparison of CEC satellite SSS against in situ data shows Atlantic Water that is too fresh in the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas, and in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, consistent with the abnormally fresh deviations from TOPAZ4. When compared to independent in situ data in the Beaufort Sea, the BEC product shows the smallest bias (< 0.1 psu) in summer and the smallest RMSD (1.8 psu). The results also show that all six SSS products share a common challenge: representing freshwater masses (< 24 psu) in the central Arctic. Along the Norwegian coast and at the southwestern coast of Greenland, the BEC SSS shows smaller errors ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J. Xie R. P. Raj L. Bertino A. Samuelsen T. Wakamatsu |
author_facet |
J. Xie R. P. Raj L. Bertino A. Samuelsen T. Wakamatsu |
author_sort |
J. Xie |
title |
Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
title_short |
Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
title_full |
Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Arctic Ocean surface salinities from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
title_sort |
evaluation of arctic ocean surface salinities from the soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) mission against a regional reanalysis and in situ data |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 https://doaj.org/article/545284fe8619486fb9fc49faa279688c |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Greenland Nordic Seas North Atlantic Polar Science Center Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Greenland Nordic Seas North Atlantic Polar Science Center Sea ice |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 15, Pp 1191-1206 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.ocean-sci.net/15/1191/2019/os-15-1191-2019.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/545284fe8619486fb9fc49faa279688c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1191 |
op_container_end_page |
1206 |
_version_ |
1766326179102457856 |