A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis
Rapid methods for the detection of biotoxins in shellfish can assist the seafood industry and safeguard public health. Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs) are produced by species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis , yet the comparative efficacy of their detection methods has not been systematical...
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MDPI AG
2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:537902c163304405aa59e1529095fec9 2023-05-15T15:58:58+02:00 A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis Penelope A. Ajani Chowdhury Sarowar Alison Turnbull Hazel Farrell Anthony Zammit Stuart Helleren Gustaaf Hallegraeff Shauna A. Murray 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080563 https://doaj.org/article/537902c163304405aa59e1529095fec9 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/8/563 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins13080563 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/537902c163304405aa59e1529095fec9 Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 563, p 563 (2021) LC-MS rapid test kit biotoxins shellfish diarrhetic shellfish toxins Dinophysis Medicine R article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080563 2022-12-30T20:28:11Z Rapid methods for the detection of biotoxins in shellfish can assist the seafood industry and safeguard public health. Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs) are produced by species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis , yet the comparative efficacy of their detection methods has not been systematically determined. Here, we examined DSTs in spiked and naturally contaminated shellfish–Sydney Rock Oysters ( Saccostrea glomerata ), Pacific Oysters ( Magallana gigas / Crassostrea gigas ), Blue Mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) and Pipis ( Plebidonax deltoides / Donax deltoides ), using LC-MS/MS and LC-MS in 4 laboratories, and 5 rapid test kits (quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay (PP2A), and qualitative Lateral Flow Assay (LFA)). We found all toxins in all species could be recovered by all laboratories using LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography—tandem Mass Spectrometry) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry); however, DST recovery at low and mid-level concentrations (<0.1 mg/kg) was variable (0–150%), while recovery at high-level concentrations (>0.86 mg/kg) was higher (60–262%). While no clear differences were observed between shellfish, all kits delivered an unacceptably high level (25–100%) of falsely compliant results for spiked samples. The LFA and the PP2A kits performed satisfactorily for naturally contaminated pipis (0%, 5% falsely compliant, respectively). There were correlations between spiked DSTs and quantitative methods was highest for LC-MS (r 2 = 0.86) and the PP2A kit (r 2 = 0.72). Overall, our results do not support the use of any DST rapid test kit as a stand-alone quality assurance measure at this time. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Toxins 13 8 563 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
LC-MS rapid test kit biotoxins shellfish diarrhetic shellfish toxins Dinophysis Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
LC-MS rapid test kit biotoxins shellfish diarrhetic shellfish toxins Dinophysis Medicine R Penelope A. Ajani Chowdhury Sarowar Alison Turnbull Hazel Farrell Anthony Zammit Stuart Helleren Gustaaf Hallegraeff Shauna A. Murray A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
topic_facet |
LC-MS rapid test kit biotoxins shellfish diarrhetic shellfish toxins Dinophysis Medicine R |
description |
Rapid methods for the detection of biotoxins in shellfish can assist the seafood industry and safeguard public health. Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs) are produced by species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis , yet the comparative efficacy of their detection methods has not been systematically determined. Here, we examined DSTs in spiked and naturally contaminated shellfish–Sydney Rock Oysters ( Saccostrea glomerata ), Pacific Oysters ( Magallana gigas / Crassostrea gigas ), Blue Mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) and Pipis ( Plebidonax deltoides / Donax deltoides ), using LC-MS/MS and LC-MS in 4 laboratories, and 5 rapid test kits (quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay (PP2A), and qualitative Lateral Flow Assay (LFA)). We found all toxins in all species could be recovered by all laboratories using LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography—tandem Mass Spectrometry) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry); however, DST recovery at low and mid-level concentrations (<0.1 mg/kg) was variable (0–150%), while recovery at high-level concentrations (>0.86 mg/kg) was higher (60–262%). While no clear differences were observed between shellfish, all kits delivered an unacceptably high level (25–100%) of falsely compliant results for spiked samples. The LFA and the PP2A kits performed satisfactorily for naturally contaminated pipis (0%, 5% falsely compliant, respectively). There were correlations between spiked DSTs and quantitative methods was highest for LC-MS (r 2 = 0.86) and the PP2A kit (r 2 = 0.72). Overall, our results do not support the use of any DST rapid test kit as a stand-alone quality assurance measure at this time. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Penelope A. Ajani Chowdhury Sarowar Alison Turnbull Hazel Farrell Anthony Zammit Stuart Helleren Gustaaf Hallegraeff Shauna A. Murray |
author_facet |
Penelope A. Ajani Chowdhury Sarowar Alison Turnbull Hazel Farrell Anthony Zammit Stuart Helleren Gustaaf Hallegraeff Shauna A. Murray |
author_sort |
Penelope A. Ajani |
title |
A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
title_short |
A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
title_full |
A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
title_fullStr |
A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Comparative Analysis of Methods (LC-MS/MS, LC-MS and Rapid Test Kits) for the Determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Oysters, Mussels and Pipis |
title_sort |
comparative analysis of methods (lc-ms/ms, lc-ms and rapid test kits) for the determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in oysters, mussels and pipis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080563 https://doaj.org/article/537902c163304405aa59e1529095fec9 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 563, p 563 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/8/563 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins13080563 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/537902c163304405aa59e1529095fec9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080563 |
container_title |
Toxins |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
563 |
_version_ |
1766394751065522176 |