Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica
The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O 3 ), hydroperoxides (H 2 O 2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO 3 – ) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. A...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:52f29bb1c15b422ab36650379c397541 2023-05-15T13:46:33+02:00 Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica S. Masclin M. M. Frey W. F. Rogge R. C. Bales 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 https://doaj.org/article/52f29bb1c15b422ab36650379c397541 EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/8857/2013/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/52f29bb1c15b422ab36650379c397541 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 13, Iss 17, Pp 8857-8877 (2013) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 2022-12-31T13:48:02Z The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O 3 ), hydroperoxides (H 2 O 2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO 3 – ) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±1 σ mixing ratios of NO were 19 ± 31 pptv and confirmed prior model estimates for the summer boundary layer above WAIS. Mean ±1 σ mixing ratios of O 3 of 14 ± 4 ppbv were in the range of previous measurements from overland traverses across WAIS during summer, while average ±1 σ concentrations of H 2 O 2 and MHP revealed higher levels with mixing ratios of 743 ± 362 and 519 ± 238 pptv, respectively. An upper limit for daily average NO 2 and NO emission fluxes from snow of 8.6 × 10 8 and 33.9 × 10 8 molecule cm –2 s –1 , respectively, were estimated based on photolysis of measured NO 3 – and nitrite (NO 2 – ) in the surface snowpack. The resulting high NO x emission flux may explain the little preservation of NO 3 – in snow (~ 30%) when compared to Summit, Greenland (75–93%). Assuming rapid and complete mixing into the overlying atmosphere, and steady state of NO x , these snow emissions are equivalent to an average (range) production of atmospheric NO x of 30 (21–566) pptv h –1 for a typical atmospheric boundary-layer depth of 250 (354–13) m. These upper bounds indicate that local emissions from the snowpack are a significant source of short-lived nitrogen oxides above the inner WAIS. The net O 3 production of 0.8 ppbv day –1 triggered with NO higher than 2 pptv is too small to explain the observed O 3 variability. Thus, the origins of the air masses reaching WAIS Divide during this campaign were investigated with a 4-day back-trajectory analysis every 4 h. The resulting 168 back trajectories revealed that in 75% of all runs air originated from the Antarctic coastal slopes (58%) and the inner WAIS (17%). For these air sources O 3 levels were on average 13 ± 3 ppbv. The remaining 25% are katabatic outflows from ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13 17 8857 8877 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 S. Masclin M. M. Frey W. F. Rogge R. C. Bales Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
The first measurements of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) along with observations of ozone (O 3 ), hydroperoxides (H 2 O 2 and MHP) and snow nitrate (NO 3 – ) on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were carried out at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site between 10 December 2008 and 11 January 2009. Average ±1 σ mixing ratios of NO were 19 ± 31 pptv and confirmed prior model estimates for the summer boundary layer above WAIS. Mean ±1 σ mixing ratios of O 3 of 14 ± 4 ppbv were in the range of previous measurements from overland traverses across WAIS during summer, while average ±1 σ concentrations of H 2 O 2 and MHP revealed higher levels with mixing ratios of 743 ± 362 and 519 ± 238 pptv, respectively. An upper limit for daily average NO 2 and NO emission fluxes from snow of 8.6 × 10 8 and 33.9 × 10 8 molecule cm –2 s –1 , respectively, were estimated based on photolysis of measured NO 3 – and nitrite (NO 2 – ) in the surface snowpack. The resulting high NO x emission flux may explain the little preservation of NO 3 – in snow (~ 30%) when compared to Summit, Greenland (75–93%). Assuming rapid and complete mixing into the overlying atmosphere, and steady state of NO x , these snow emissions are equivalent to an average (range) production of atmospheric NO x of 30 (21–566) pptv h –1 for a typical atmospheric boundary-layer depth of 250 (354–13) m. These upper bounds indicate that local emissions from the snowpack are a significant source of short-lived nitrogen oxides above the inner WAIS. The net O 3 production of 0.8 ppbv day –1 triggered with NO higher than 2 pptv is too small to explain the observed O 3 variability. Thus, the origins of the air masses reaching WAIS Divide during this campaign were investigated with a 4-day back-trajectory analysis every 4 h. The resulting 168 back trajectories revealed that in 75% of all runs air originated from the Antarctic coastal slopes (58%) and the inner WAIS (17%). For these air sources O 3 levels were on average 13 ± 3 ppbv. The remaining 25% are katabatic outflows from ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. Masclin M. M. Frey W. F. Rogge R. C. Bales |
author_facet |
S. Masclin M. M. Frey W. F. Rogge R. C. Bales |
author_sort |
S. Masclin |
title |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_short |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_full |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the WAIS Divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in West Antarctica |
title_sort |
atmospheric nitric oxide and ozone at the wais divide deep coring site: a discussion of local sources and transport in west antarctica |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 https://doaj.org/article/52f29bb1c15b422ab36650379c397541 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic West Antarctica West Antarctic Ice Sheet Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland Ice Sheet West Antarctica |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 13, Iss 17, Pp 8857-8877 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/8857/2013/acp-13-8857-2013.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/52f29bb1c15b422ab36650379c397541 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8857-2013 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
8857 |
op_container_end_page |
8877 |
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1766244093152722944 |