Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization
Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be d...
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MDPI AG
2023
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:51a4d4fc7ccb4e27b1868087b75e9d05 2023-09-26T15:17:06+02:00 Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 https://doaj.org/article/51a4d4fc7ccb4e27b1868087b75e9d05 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/8/699 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375 doi:10.3390/membranes13080699 2077-0375 https://doaj.org/article/51a4d4fc7ccb4e27b1868087b75e9d05 Membranes, Vol 13, Iss 699, p 699 (2023) electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 2023-08-27T00:35:15Z Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be done, usually by increasing the pH value above 11. This method, however, usually is based on external chemical dosing, limiting the sustainability of the process. In this work, the simultaneous recovery of urea and phosphorous from synthetic urine was aimed at by means of electrochemical pH modulation. Electrochemical cells were constructed and used for urea stabilization from synthetic urine by the in situ formation of OH - ions at the cathode. In addition, phosphorous precipitation with divalent cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in the course of pH elevation was studied. Electrochemical cells equipped with commercial (Fumasep FKE) and developmental (PSEBS SU) cation exchange membranes (CEM) were used in this study to carry out urea stabilization and simultaneous P-recovery at an applied current density of 60 A m −2 . The urea was successfully stabilized for a long time (more than 1 month at room temperature and nearly two months at 4 °C) at a pH of 11.5. In addition, >82% P-recovery could be achieved in the form of precipitate, which was identified as amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Membranes 13 8 699 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 |
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electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
topic_facet |
electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 |
description |
Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be done, usually by increasing the pH value above 11. This method, however, usually is based on external chemical dosing, limiting the sustainability of the process. In this work, the simultaneous recovery of urea and phosphorous from synthetic urine was aimed at by means of electrochemical pH modulation. Electrochemical cells were constructed and used for urea stabilization from synthetic urine by the in situ formation of OH - ions at the cathode. In addition, phosphorous precipitation with divalent cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in the course of pH elevation was studied. Electrochemical cells equipped with commercial (Fumasep FKE) and developmental (PSEBS SU) cation exchange membranes (CEM) were used in this study to carry out urea stabilization and simultaneous P-recovery at an applied current density of 60 A m −2 . The urea was successfully stabilized for a long time (more than 1 month at room temperature and nearly two months at 4 °C) at a pH of 11.5. In addition, >82% P-recovery could be achieved in the form of precipitate, which was identified as amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó |
author_facet |
László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó |
author_sort |
László Koók |
title |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_short |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_full |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_fullStr |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_sort |
simultaneous urea and phosphate recovery from synthetic urine by electrochemical stabilization |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 https://doaj.org/article/51a4d4fc7ccb4e27b1868087b75e9d05 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Membranes, Vol 13, Iss 699, p 699 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/8/699 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375 doi:10.3390/membranes13080699 2077-0375 https://doaj.org/article/51a4d4fc7ccb4e27b1868087b75e9d05 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 |
container_title |
Membranes |
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13 |
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8 |
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699 |
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