Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda
Abstract Background Asymptomatic malaria infections are important parasite reservoirs and could sustain transmission in the population, but they are often unreported. A community-based survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections in a...
Published in: | Malaria Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 https://doaj.org/article/51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd 2023-05-15T15:18:10+02:00 Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda Bosco B. Agaba Simon P. Rugera Ruth Mpirirwe Martha Atekat Samuel Okubal Khalid Masereka Miseal Erionu Bosco Adranya Gertrude Nabirwa Patrick B. Odong Yasin Mukiibi Isaac Ssewanyana Susan Nabadda Enoch Muwanguzi 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 https://doaj.org/article/51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022) Asymptomatic malaria infections Rapid diagnostic Blood smear microscopy Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 2022-12-30T19:28:17Z Abstract Background Asymptomatic malaria infections are important parasite reservoirs and could sustain transmission in the population, but they are often unreported. A community-based survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections in a historically high transmission setting in northern Uganda. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 288 children aged 2–15 years were enrolled and tested for the presence of malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and blood smear microscopy between January to May 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using the exact binomial and Fisher’s exact test with p ≤ 0.05 indicating significance. The logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections. Results Overall, the prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 34.7% (95% CI 29.2–40.5) with the highest observed in children 5–10 years 45.9% (95% CI 35.0–57.0). Gweri village accounted for 39.1% (95% CI 27.6—51.6) of malaria infections. Median parasite density was 1500 parasites/µl of blood. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species (86%) followed by Plasmodium malariae (5%). Factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infection were sleeping under mosquito net (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.27; 95% CI 0.13–0.56), p = 0.001 and presence of village health teams (VHTs) (aOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01–0.45), p = 0.001. Sensitivity and specificity were higher for the P. falciparum/pLDH RDTs compared to HRP2-only RDTs, 90% (95% CI 86.5–93.5) and 95.2% (95% CI 92.8–97.7), p = 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Asymptomatic malaria infections were present in the study population and this varied with place and person in the different age groups. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite species however the presence of P. malariae and Plasmodium ovale was observed, which may have implication for the choice and deployment of diagnostic tools. Individuals who slept under mosquito net or had presence of functional VHTs were less ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 21 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Asymptomatic malaria infections Rapid diagnostic Blood smear microscopy Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Asymptomatic malaria infections Rapid diagnostic Blood smear microscopy Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Bosco B. Agaba Simon P. Rugera Ruth Mpirirwe Martha Atekat Samuel Okubal Khalid Masereka Miseal Erionu Bosco Adranya Gertrude Nabirwa Patrick B. Odong Yasin Mukiibi Isaac Ssewanyana Susan Nabadda Enoch Muwanguzi Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
topic_facet |
Asymptomatic malaria infections Rapid diagnostic Blood smear microscopy Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Asymptomatic malaria infections are important parasite reservoirs and could sustain transmission in the population, but they are often unreported. A community-based survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections in a historically high transmission setting in northern Uganda. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 288 children aged 2–15 years were enrolled and tested for the presence of malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and blood smear microscopy between January to May 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using the exact binomial and Fisher’s exact test with p ≤ 0.05 indicating significance. The logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections. Results Overall, the prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 34.7% (95% CI 29.2–40.5) with the highest observed in children 5–10 years 45.9% (95% CI 35.0–57.0). Gweri village accounted for 39.1% (95% CI 27.6—51.6) of malaria infections. Median parasite density was 1500 parasites/µl of blood. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species (86%) followed by Plasmodium malariae (5%). Factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infection were sleeping under mosquito net (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.27; 95% CI 0.13–0.56), p = 0.001 and presence of village health teams (VHTs) (aOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01–0.45), p = 0.001. Sensitivity and specificity were higher for the P. falciparum/pLDH RDTs compared to HRP2-only RDTs, 90% (95% CI 86.5–93.5) and 95.2% (95% CI 92.8–97.7), p = 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Asymptomatic malaria infections were present in the study population and this varied with place and person in the different age groups. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite species however the presence of P. malariae and Plasmodium ovale was observed, which may have implication for the choice and deployment of diagnostic tools. Individuals who slept under mosquito net or had presence of functional VHTs were less ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bosco B. Agaba Simon P. Rugera Ruth Mpirirwe Martha Atekat Samuel Okubal Khalid Masereka Miseal Erionu Bosco Adranya Gertrude Nabirwa Patrick B. Odong Yasin Mukiibi Isaac Ssewanyana Susan Nabadda Enoch Muwanguzi |
author_facet |
Bosco B. Agaba Simon P. Rugera Ruth Mpirirwe Martha Atekat Samuel Okubal Khalid Masereka Miseal Erionu Bosco Adranya Gertrude Nabirwa Patrick B. Odong Yasin Mukiibi Isaac Ssewanyana Susan Nabadda Enoch Muwanguzi |
author_sort |
Bosco B. Agaba |
title |
Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
title_short |
Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
title_full |
Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
title_fullStr |
Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
title_full_unstemmed |
Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda |
title_sort |
asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in northern uganda |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 https://doaj.org/article/51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/51661ad12aea4ce9b3ce245de2d36abd |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04421-1 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766348397014417408 |