Mesopelagic Fish Protein Hydrolysates and Extracts: A Source of Novel Anti-Hypertensive and Anti-Diabetic Peptides

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Azza S. Naik, R. D. Whitaker, S. Albrektsen, Runar G. Solstad, Lars Thoresen, Maria Hayes
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
• Subjects: mesopelagic fish; Maurolicus muelleri; Northern Krill; ACE-1 inhibition; DPP-IV; type-2-diabetes; Science; Q; General. Including nature conservation; geographical distribution; QH1-199.5; Meganyctiphanes norvegica; Northern krill
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.719608; https://doaj.org/article/51286472c3014e65b8c5e18d978bf892

The abundance of fish and zooplankton (1 × 109 tons to 7 × 1010 tons) in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean is a source of novel raw materials that provides opportunities for sustainable new product development. The peculiar conditions of light and pressure in this ecological zone and the position of the specific organisms in the marine food chain results in diversity in their bio-composition. Mesopelagic fish are an underutilized resource, rich in proteins and omega-3 oils, and present opportunities to develop novel feed, food and functional food ingredients and products. However, there is also a need to ensure that this resource is not overfished and is processed to optimize the catch in line with sustainability goals. There is therefore a need to establish sustainable bioprocessing technologies to yield value added products from mesopelagic fish species. In the present study, various protein extracts from the mesopelagic fish Maurolicus muelleri (M) and Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Northern Krill) (K) and combinations of proteins from these species (C) were generated using hydrolysis methods. Protein Hydrolysates were generated using four different enzymes including Alcalase, endocut-01, endogenous M/K enzymes and FoodPro PNL. Hydrolysates were characterized and assessed for their ability to inhibit enzymes important in diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. The ability of generated Hydrolysates to inhibit enzymes including Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE-1; EC. 3.4.15.1) associated with blood pressure regulation, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) associated with maintenance of the nervous system, and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; EC 3.4.14.5) linked with development of type-2-diabetes, was determined. In a separate process, the same mesopelagic fish species were transformed into fishmeal, Hydrolysates, fish-silage, and aqueous extracts (AQ) and screened for bioactivities using the same bioassays. The Hydrolysates contained greater than 60% protein (dry weight basis) when analyzed using the ...