Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats
The immunohistochemical expression of neuron-specific enolase, NSE (a cytoplasmic glycolytic enzyme of the neurons), synaptophysin, SYN (a major membrane glycoprotein of synaptic vesicles), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) were determined in cerebral cortex of rats envenomed with neurotoxic venom...
Published in: | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:5073e3a66d74487ea1f023b1fcccc6b9 2023-05-15T15:13:45+02:00 Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats T.R. Rahmy I.A. Hassona 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 https://doaj.org/article/5073e3a66d74487ea1f023b1fcccc6b9 EN eng SciELO http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992004000100005 https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 doi:10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 1678-9199 https://doaj.org/article/5073e3a66d74487ea1f023b1fcccc6b9 Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 53-76 (2004) immunohistochemistry neuron specific enolase synaptophysin Bcl-2 cerebral cortex cobra snake venom Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 article 2004 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 2022-12-31T10:10:39Z The immunohistochemical expression of neuron-specific enolase, NSE (a cytoplasmic glycolytic enzyme of the neurons), synaptophysin, SYN (a major membrane glycoprotein of synaptic vesicles), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) were determined in cerebral cortex of rats envenomed with neurotoxic venom from Egyptian cobra. Male rats were intramuscularly (IM) injected with a single injection of either physiological saline solution or ½ LD50 or LD50 of cobra venom and sacrificed 24, 48, or 72 hr after envenoming. Formalin-fixed paraffin sections were immunohistochemically studied by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Neuron histological structure and isolation of genomic DNA were also detected. The results showed a dose and time-dependent increase in NSE and SYN immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex of envenomed rats except in 72 hr high dose envenoming, where decreased SYN was observed. On the other hand, low dose venom induced high Bcl-2 expression 24 hr after envenoming, while the high dose decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. Temporal and spatial Bcl-2 expression was accompanied by DNA fragmentation in cerebral cortex of all envenomed rats, although no serious histological alterations were noticed. These results suggest that cobra venom may lead to neuronal injury and impairment of axonal transport as ascertained by alterations in NSE and SYN immunoreactivity. It could also indicate that venom alters the molecular machinery of apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression; however, some vulnerable cells have the ability to overcome this by increasing Bcl-2 protein. These immunohistochemical investigations can be used as tools for detecting neuronal abnormalities even before the occurrence of any histological alterations in case of cerebral cortex neurotoxicity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 10 1 53 76 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
immunohistochemistry neuron specific enolase synaptophysin Bcl-2 cerebral cortex cobra snake venom Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
immunohistochemistry neuron specific enolase synaptophysin Bcl-2 cerebral cortex cobra snake venom Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 T.R. Rahmy I.A. Hassona Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
topic_facet |
immunohistochemistry neuron specific enolase synaptophysin Bcl-2 cerebral cortex cobra snake venom Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
The immunohistochemical expression of neuron-specific enolase, NSE (a cytoplasmic glycolytic enzyme of the neurons), synaptophysin, SYN (a major membrane glycoprotein of synaptic vesicles), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) were determined in cerebral cortex of rats envenomed with neurotoxic venom from Egyptian cobra. Male rats were intramuscularly (IM) injected with a single injection of either physiological saline solution or ½ LD50 or LD50 of cobra venom and sacrificed 24, 48, or 72 hr after envenoming. Formalin-fixed paraffin sections were immunohistochemically studied by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Neuron histological structure and isolation of genomic DNA were also detected. The results showed a dose and time-dependent increase in NSE and SYN immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex of envenomed rats except in 72 hr high dose envenoming, where decreased SYN was observed. On the other hand, low dose venom induced high Bcl-2 expression 24 hr after envenoming, while the high dose decreased Bcl-2 protein expression. Temporal and spatial Bcl-2 expression was accompanied by DNA fragmentation in cerebral cortex of all envenomed rats, although no serious histological alterations were noticed. These results suggest that cobra venom may lead to neuronal injury and impairment of axonal transport as ascertained by alterations in NSE and SYN immunoreactivity. It could also indicate that venom alters the molecular machinery of apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 expression; however, some vulnerable cells have the ability to overcome this by increasing Bcl-2 protein. These immunohistochemical investigations can be used as tools for detecting neuronal abnormalities even before the occurrence of any histological alterations in case of cerebral cortex neurotoxicity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
T.R. Rahmy I.A. Hassona |
author_facet |
T.R. Rahmy I.A. Hassona |
author_sort |
T.R. Rahmy |
title |
Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
title_short |
Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
title_full |
Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
title_fullStr |
Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
title_sort |
immunohistochemical investigation of neuronal injury in cerebral cortex of cobra-envenomed rats |
publisher |
SciELO |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 https://doaj.org/article/5073e3a66d74487ea1f023b1fcccc6b9 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 53-76 (2004) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992004000100005 https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 doi:10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 1678-9199 https://doaj.org/article/5073e3a66d74487ea1f023b1fcccc6b9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992004000100005 |
container_title |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
53 |
op_container_end_page |
76 |
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1766344284722692096 |