Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait
The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow thro...
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2018
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4fc6dac287e240adb66e55bd6e12308f 2023-05-15T14:29:09+02:00 Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 https://doaj.org/article/4fc6dac287e240adb66e55bd6e12308f EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 https://doaj.org/article/4fc6dac287e240adb66e55bd6e12308f Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 2022-12-31T12:40:02Z The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow through the shallow Pacific-Arctic gateway. However, because this transport has not yet been adequately quantified based on observational data, the present contribution is poorly defined, and future changes in Arctic zooplankton communities are difficult to project and observe. Our objective was to quantify the inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Fram Strait during different seasons, including winter. We collected data with high spatial resolution covering hydrography (CTD), currents (ADCP and LADCP) and zooplankton distributions (LOPC and MultiNet) from surface to 1,000 m depth along two transects crossing the AW inflow during three cruises in January, May and August 2014. Long-term variations (1997–2016) in the AW inflow were analyzed based on moored current meters. Water transport across the inflow region was of the same order of magnitude during all months (January 2.2 Sv, May 1.9 Sv, August 1.7 Sv). We found a higher variability in zooplankton transport between the months (January 51 kg C s−1, May 34 kg C s−1, August 50 kg C s−1), related to seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. However, high abundances of carbon-rich copepods were observed in the AW inflow during all months. Surface patches with high abundances of C. finmarchicus, Microcalanus spp., Pseudocalanus spp., and Oithona similis clearly contributed to the advected biomass, also in winter. The data reveal that the phenology of species is important for the amount of advected biomass, and that the advective input of zooplankton carbon into the Arctic Basin is important during all seasons. The advective zooplankton input might be especially important for mesopelagic planktivorous predators that were recently observed in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
topic_facet |
advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow through the shallow Pacific-Arctic gateway. However, because this transport has not yet been adequately quantified based on observational data, the present contribution is poorly defined, and future changes in Arctic zooplankton communities are difficult to project and observe. Our objective was to quantify the inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Fram Strait during different seasons, including winter. We collected data with high spatial resolution covering hydrography (CTD), currents (ADCP and LADCP) and zooplankton distributions (LOPC and MultiNet) from surface to 1,000 m depth along two transects crossing the AW inflow during three cruises in January, May and August 2014. Long-term variations (1997–2016) in the AW inflow were analyzed based on moored current meters. Water transport across the inflow region was of the same order of magnitude during all months (January 2.2 Sv, May 1.9 Sv, August 1.7 Sv). We found a higher variability in zooplankton transport between the months (January 51 kg C s−1, May 34 kg C s−1, August 50 kg C s−1), related to seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. However, high abundances of carbon-rich copepods were observed in the AW inflow during all months. Surface patches with high abundances of C. finmarchicus, Microcalanus spp., Pseudocalanus spp., and Oithona similis clearly contributed to the advected biomass, also in winter. The data reveal that the phenology of species is important for the amount of advected biomass, and that the advective input of zooplankton carbon into the Arctic Basin is important during all seasons. The advective zooplankton input might be especially important for mesopelagic planktivorous predators that were recently observed in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad |
author_facet |
Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad |
author_sort |
Sünnje L. Basedow |
title |
Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
title_short |
Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
title_full |
Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait |
title_sort |
seasonal variation in transport of zooplankton into the arctic basin through the atlantic gateway, fram strait |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 https://doaj.org/article/4fc6dac287e240adb66e55bd6e12308f |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 5 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 https://doaj.org/article/4fc6dac287e240adb66e55bd6e12308f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
5 |
_version_ |
1766303226712293376 |