Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Extreme events can severely impact marine organisms and ecosystems. Of particular concern are multivariate compound events, namely when conditions are simultaneously extreme for multiple ocean ecosystem stressors. In 2013–2015 for example, an extensive marine heatwave (MHW), known as the Blob, co-oc...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4fb6390ad5f3457c9becddd92bf513eb 2023-05-15T18:25:51+02:00 Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes N. Le Grix J. Zscheischler K. B. Rodgers R. Yamaguchi T. L. Frölicher 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 https://doaj.org/article/4fb6390ad5f3457c9becddd92bf513eb EN eng Copernicus Publications https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5807/2022/bg-19-5807-2022.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/4fb6390ad5f3457c9becddd92bf513eb Biogeosciences, Vol 19, Pp 5807-5835 (2022) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 2022-12-30T19:34:10Z Extreme events can severely impact marine organisms and ecosystems. Of particular concern are multivariate compound events, namely when conditions are simultaneously extreme for multiple ocean ecosystem stressors. In 2013–2015 for example, an extensive marine heatwave (MHW), known as the Blob, co-occurred locally with extremely low net primary productivity (NPPX) and negatively impacted marine life in the northeast Pacific. Yet, little is known about the characteristics and drivers of such multivariate compound MHW–NPPX events. Using five different satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) estimates and large-ensemble-simulation output of two widely used and comprehensive Earth system models, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) ESM2M-LE and Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2-LE), we assess the present-day distribution of compound MHW–NPPX events and investigate their potential drivers on the global scale. The satellite-based estimates and both models reveal hotspots of frequent compound events in the center of the equatorial Pacific and in the subtropical Indian Ocean, where their occurrence is at least 3 times higher (more than 10 d yr −1 ) than if MHWs (temperature above the seasonally varying 90th-percentile threshold) and NPPX events (NPP below the seasonally varying 10th-percentile threshold) were to occur independently. However, the models show disparities in the northern high latitudes, where compound events are rare in the satellite-based estimates and GFDL ESM2M-LE (less than 3 d yr −1 ) but relatively frequent in CESM2-LE. In the Southern Ocean south of 60 ∘ S, low agreement between the observation-based estimates makes it difficult to determine which of the two models better simulates MHW–NPPX events. The frequency patterns can be explained by the drivers of compound events, which vary among the two models and phytoplankton types. In the low latitudes, MHWs are associated with enhanced nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth, which results in frequent compound ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Southern Ocean Pacific Indian The Blob ENVELOPE(-124.933,-124.933,-73.400,-73.400) Biogeosciences 19 24 5807 5835 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 N. Le Grix J. Zscheischler K. B. Rodgers R. Yamaguchi T. L. Frölicher Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Extreme events can severely impact marine organisms and ecosystems. Of particular concern are multivariate compound events, namely when conditions are simultaneously extreme for multiple ocean ecosystem stressors. In 2013–2015 for example, an extensive marine heatwave (MHW), known as the Blob, co-occurred locally with extremely low net primary productivity (NPPX) and negatively impacted marine life in the northeast Pacific. Yet, little is known about the characteristics and drivers of such multivariate compound MHW–NPPX events. Using five different satellite-derived net primary productivity (NPP) estimates and large-ensemble-simulation output of two widely used and comprehensive Earth system models, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) ESM2M-LE and Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2-LE), we assess the present-day distribution of compound MHW–NPPX events and investigate their potential drivers on the global scale. The satellite-based estimates and both models reveal hotspots of frequent compound events in the center of the equatorial Pacific and in the subtropical Indian Ocean, where their occurrence is at least 3 times higher (more than 10 d yr −1 ) than if MHWs (temperature above the seasonally varying 90th-percentile threshold) and NPPX events (NPP below the seasonally varying 10th-percentile threshold) were to occur independently. However, the models show disparities in the northern high latitudes, where compound events are rare in the satellite-based estimates and GFDL ESM2M-LE (less than 3 d yr −1 ) but relatively frequent in CESM2-LE. In the Southern Ocean south of 60 ∘ S, low agreement between the observation-based estimates makes it difficult to determine which of the two models better simulates MHW–NPPX events. The frequency patterns can be explained by the drivers of compound events, which vary among the two models and phytoplankton types. In the low latitudes, MHWs are associated with enhanced nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth, which results in frequent compound ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
N. Le Grix J. Zscheischler K. B. Rodgers R. Yamaguchi T. L. Frölicher |
author_facet |
N. Le Grix J. Zscheischler K. B. Rodgers R. Yamaguchi T. L. Frölicher |
author_sort |
N. Le Grix |
title |
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
title_short |
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
title_full |
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
title_fullStr |
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
title_sort |
hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 https://doaj.org/article/4fb6390ad5f3457c9becddd92bf513eb |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-124.933,-124.933,-73.400,-73.400) |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian The Blob |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian The Blob |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 19, Pp 5807-5835 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5807/2022/bg-19-5807-2022.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/4fb6390ad5f3457c9becddd92bf513eb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
5807 |
op_container_end_page |
5835 |
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1766207529014001664 |