Residential relocation trajectories and neighborhood density, mixed land use and access networks as predictors of walking and bicycling in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

• Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
• Main Authors: Mikko Kärmeniemi, Tiina Lankila, Tiina Ikäheimo, Soile Puhakka, Maisa Niemelä, Timo Jämsä, Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen, Raija Korpelainen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2019
• Subjects: Longitudinal design; Built environment; Physical activity; Sequence analysis; Urban planning; Geographic information system; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases; RC620-627; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Northern Finland
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0856-8; https://doaj.org/article/4f25b3c6fb744f24bd925b32dd6e5e0c

Abstract Background Given the high global prevalence of physical inactivity, there is a need to design cities that support active modes of transportation. High density diverse neighborhoods with good access networks have been associated with enhanced walking and cycling, but there is a lack of large-scale longitudinal studies utilizing a life course perspective to model residential relocation trajectories. The objectives of the present longitudinal study were to model and visualize residential relocation trajectories between 31 and 46 years of age based on neighborhood density, mixed land use and access networks (DMA), and to assess neighborhood DMA as a predictor of self-reported regular walking and cycling and objectively measured physical activity. Methods Based on data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 5947), we used self-reported regular walking and cycling and objectively measured physical activity as outcome variables and objectively assessed neighborhood DMA as the main explanatory variable. We conducted sequence analysis to model residential relocation trajectories, and generalized linear mixed models and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore longitudinal associations between neighborhood DMA and physical activity. Results Over 80% of the participants lived in a neighborhood with the same level of neighborhood DMA during the follow-up. Relocation occurred more often from higher to lower DMA neighborhoods than reverse. Increased neighborhood DMA was associated with increased regular walking (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05; p = 0.023) and cycling (OR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23; p < 0.001). Residential relocation trajectory from lower to highest neighborhood DMA increased the odds of starting regular walking (OR 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 7.14; p = 0.001) and cycling (OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.23, 5.79; p = 0.009) as compared to higher to lower neighborhood DMA trajectory. Conclusions The results strongly support the hypothesis that increasing urban DMA can enhance regular walking and cycling at ...