Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands
Abstract Background Following the scale-up of intervention efforts, malaria burden has decreased dramatically in Solomon Islands (SI). Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections are now the major challenge for malaria elimination in this country. Since children have higher risk of c...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4f254a6a00304ca49e58c8dca2decc98 2023-05-15T15:14:42+02:00 Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands Yi Wan Quah Andreea Waltmann Stephan Karl Michael T. White Ventis Vahi Andrew Darcy Freda Pitakaka Maxine Whittaker Daniel J. Tisch Alyssa Barry Celine Barnadas James Kazura Ivo Mueller 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 https://doaj.org/article/4f254a6a00304ca49e58c8dca2decc98 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4f254a6a00304ca49e58c8dca2decc98 Malaria Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019) Plasmodium vivax Solomon Islands Asymptomatic Cohort Heterogeneity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 2022-12-31T12:41:03Z Abstract Background Following the scale-up of intervention efforts, malaria burden has decreased dramatically in Solomon Islands (SI). Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections are now the major challenge for malaria elimination in this country. Since children have higher risk of contracting malaria, this study investigated the dynamics of Plasmodium spp. infections among children including the associated risk factors of residual P. vivax burden. Methods An observational cohort study was conducted among 860 children aged 0.5–12 years in Ngella (Central Islands Province, SI). Children were monitored by active and passive surveillances for Plasmodium spp. infections and illness. Parasites were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and genotyped. Comprehensive statistical analyses of P. vivax infection prevalence, molecular force of blood stage infection (molFOB) and infection density were conducted. Results Plasmodium vivax infections were common (overall prevalence: 11.9%), whereas Plasmodium falciparum infections were rare (0.3%) but persistent. Although children acquire an average of 1.1 genetically distinct P. vivax blood-stage infections per year, there was significant geographic heterogeneity in the risks of P. vivax infections across Ngella (prevalence: 1.2–47.4%, p < 0.01; molFOB: 0.05–4.6/year, p < 0.01). Malaria incidence was low (IR: 0.05 episodes/year-at-risk). Age and measures of high exposure were the key risk factors for P. vivax infections and disease. Malaria incidence and infection density decreased with age, indicating significant acquisition of immunity. G6PD deficient children (10.8%) that did not receive primaquine treatment had a significantly higher prevalence (aOR: 1.77, p = 0.01) and increased risk of acquiring new bloodstage infections (molFOB aIRR: 1.51, p = 0.03), underscoring the importance of anti-relapse treatment. Conclusion Residual malaria transmission in Ngella exhibits strong heterogeneity and is characterized by a high proportion of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 18 1 |
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English |
topic |
Plasmodium vivax Solomon Islands Asymptomatic Cohort Heterogeneity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Plasmodium vivax Solomon Islands Asymptomatic Cohort Heterogeneity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Yi Wan Quah Andreea Waltmann Stephan Karl Michael T. White Ventis Vahi Andrew Darcy Freda Pitakaka Maxine Whittaker Daniel J. Tisch Alyssa Barry Celine Barnadas James Kazura Ivo Mueller Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
topic_facet |
Plasmodium vivax Solomon Islands Asymptomatic Cohort Heterogeneity Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Following the scale-up of intervention efforts, malaria burden has decreased dramatically in Solomon Islands (SI). Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections are now the major challenge for malaria elimination in this country. Since children have higher risk of contracting malaria, this study investigated the dynamics of Plasmodium spp. infections among children including the associated risk factors of residual P. vivax burden. Methods An observational cohort study was conducted among 860 children aged 0.5–12 years in Ngella (Central Islands Province, SI). Children were monitored by active and passive surveillances for Plasmodium spp. infections and illness. Parasites were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and genotyped. Comprehensive statistical analyses of P. vivax infection prevalence, molecular force of blood stage infection (molFOB) and infection density were conducted. Results Plasmodium vivax infections were common (overall prevalence: 11.9%), whereas Plasmodium falciparum infections were rare (0.3%) but persistent. Although children acquire an average of 1.1 genetically distinct P. vivax blood-stage infections per year, there was significant geographic heterogeneity in the risks of P. vivax infections across Ngella (prevalence: 1.2–47.4%, p < 0.01; molFOB: 0.05–4.6/year, p < 0.01). Malaria incidence was low (IR: 0.05 episodes/year-at-risk). Age and measures of high exposure were the key risk factors for P. vivax infections and disease. Malaria incidence and infection density decreased with age, indicating significant acquisition of immunity. G6PD deficient children (10.8%) that did not receive primaquine treatment had a significantly higher prevalence (aOR: 1.77, p = 0.01) and increased risk of acquiring new bloodstage infections (molFOB aIRR: 1.51, p = 0.03), underscoring the importance of anti-relapse treatment. Conclusion Residual malaria transmission in Ngella exhibits strong heterogeneity and is characterized by a high proportion of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yi Wan Quah Andreea Waltmann Stephan Karl Michael T. White Ventis Vahi Andrew Darcy Freda Pitakaka Maxine Whittaker Daniel J. Tisch Alyssa Barry Celine Barnadas James Kazura Ivo Mueller |
author_facet |
Yi Wan Quah Andreea Waltmann Stephan Karl Michael T. White Ventis Vahi Andrew Darcy Freda Pitakaka Maxine Whittaker Daniel J. Tisch Alyssa Barry Celine Barnadas James Kazura Ivo Mueller |
author_sort |
Yi Wan Quah |
title |
Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
title_short |
Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
title_full |
Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
title_fullStr |
Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular epidemiology of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in Solomon Islands |
title_sort |
molecular epidemiology of residual plasmodium vivax transmission in a paediatric cohort in solomon islands |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 https://doaj.org/article/4f254a6a00304ca49e58c8dca2decc98 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/4f254a6a00304ca49e58c8dca2decc98 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2727-9 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766345127408697344 |