Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden
Abstract Prey species may display anti‐predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory reactions of mo...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4f1ba99f8c164a75b031bd99132dc570 2023-05-15T13:13:04+02:00 Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden Manisha Bhardwaj Denice Lodnert Mattias Olsson Aina Winsvold Svein Morten Eilertsen Petter Kjellander Andreas Seiler 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/article/4f1ba99f8c164a75b031bd99132dc570 EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758 2045-7758 doi:10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/article/4f1ba99f8c164a75b031bd99132dc570 Ecology and Evolution, Vol 12, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) acoustic deterrent anti‐predatory behavior human–wildlife interactions hunting pressure landscape of fear predation Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 2022-12-30T21:08:49Z Abstract Prey species may display anti‐predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory reactions of moose (Alces alces) to acoustic stimuli related to hunting, at saltlick stones, a known attractant. In before‐during‐after‐control‐impact experiments, we compared the behavioral responses of individuals to: (i) two hunting‐related acoustic stimuli—hunting dog barking and human speaking; (ii) nonpredatory acoustic stimuli—bird sounds and; and (iii) no acoustic stimulus (control). We asked: (1) How does the probability of moose leaving the site differ depending on the stimulus they are exposed to?; (2) What affect do the acoustic stimuli have on the amount of time moose spend vigilant, feeding, or away from the site?; and (3) What affect do the stimuli have on the time between events at a site? We found that when exposed to the human stimulus, moose left the sites in 75% of the events, which was significantly more often compared to the dog (39%), bird (24%), or silent (11%) events. If moose did not leave the site, they spent more time vigilant, and less time feeding, particularly when exposed to a dog or human stimulus. Furthermore, moose spent the most time away from the site and took the longest to visit the site again after a human stimulus. Moose were also more likely to leave the site when exposed to the bird stimulus than during silent controls. Those that remained spent more time vigilant, but their behaviors returned to baseline after the bird stimulus ended. These findings suggest that acoustic stimuli can be used to modify the behavior of moose; however, reactions towards presumably threatening and nonthreatening stimuli were not as distinct as we had expected. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Ecology and Evolution 12 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
acoustic deterrent anti‐predatory behavior human–wildlife interactions hunting pressure landscape of fear predation Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
acoustic deterrent anti‐predatory behavior human–wildlife interactions hunting pressure landscape of fear predation Ecology QH540-549.5 Manisha Bhardwaj Denice Lodnert Mattias Olsson Aina Winsvold Svein Morten Eilertsen Petter Kjellander Andreas Seiler Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
topic_facet |
acoustic deterrent anti‐predatory behavior human–wildlife interactions hunting pressure landscape of fear predation Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Prey species may display anti‐predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory reactions of moose (Alces alces) to acoustic stimuli related to hunting, at saltlick stones, a known attractant. In before‐during‐after‐control‐impact experiments, we compared the behavioral responses of individuals to: (i) two hunting‐related acoustic stimuli—hunting dog barking and human speaking; (ii) nonpredatory acoustic stimuli—bird sounds and; and (iii) no acoustic stimulus (control). We asked: (1) How does the probability of moose leaving the site differ depending on the stimulus they are exposed to?; (2) What affect do the acoustic stimuli have on the amount of time moose spend vigilant, feeding, or away from the site?; and (3) What affect do the stimuli have on the time between events at a site? We found that when exposed to the human stimulus, moose left the sites in 75% of the events, which was significantly more often compared to the dog (39%), bird (24%), or silent (11%) events. If moose did not leave the site, they spent more time vigilant, and less time feeding, particularly when exposed to a dog or human stimulus. Furthermore, moose spent the most time away from the site and took the longest to visit the site again after a human stimulus. Moose were also more likely to leave the site when exposed to the bird stimulus than during silent controls. Those that remained spent more time vigilant, but their behaviors returned to baseline after the bird stimulus ended. These findings suggest that acoustic stimuli can be used to modify the behavior of moose; however, reactions towards presumably threatening and nonthreatening stimuli were not as distinct as we had expected. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Manisha Bhardwaj Denice Lodnert Mattias Olsson Aina Winsvold Svein Morten Eilertsen Petter Kjellander Andreas Seiler |
author_facet |
Manisha Bhardwaj Denice Lodnert Mattias Olsson Aina Winsvold Svein Morten Eilertsen Petter Kjellander Andreas Seiler |
author_sort |
Manisha Bhardwaj |
title |
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
title_short |
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
title_full |
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden |
title_sort |
inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—a behavioral experiment on moose (alces alces) in sweden |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/article/4f1ba99f8c164a75b031bd99132dc570 |
genre |
Alces alces |
genre_facet |
Alces alces |
op_source |
Ecology and Evolution, Vol 12, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758 2045-7758 doi:10.1002/ece3.9492 https://doaj.org/article/4f1ba99f8c164a75b031bd99132dc570 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9492 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
11 |
_version_ |
1766255884268208128 |