Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS
We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC c...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4ee81be1af14447d94ab00231478d599 2023-05-15T15:10:52+02:00 Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS H. Nakajima I. Wohltmann T. Wegner M. Takeda M. C. Pitts L. R. Poole R. Lehmann M. L. Santee M. Rex 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 https://doaj.org/article/4ee81be1af14447d94ab00231478d599 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3311/2016/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/4ee81be1af14447d94ab00231478d599 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 3311-3325 (2016) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 2022-12-31T01:40:37Z We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, T NAT . Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an air mass encountered PSCs. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO 2 . Where ClONO 2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 5 3311 3325 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 H. Nakajima I. Wohltmann T. Wegner M. Takeda M. C. Pitts L. R. Poole R. Lehmann M. L. Santee M. Rex Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, T NAT . Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an air mass encountered PSCs. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO 2 . Where ClONO 2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
H. Nakajima I. Wohltmann T. Wegner M. Takeda M. C. Pitts L. R. Poole R. Lehmann M. L. Santee M. Rex |
author_facet |
H. Nakajima I. Wohltmann T. Wegner M. Takeda M. C. Pitts L. R. Poole R. Lehmann M. L. Santee M. Rex |
author_sort |
H. Nakajima |
title |
Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_short |
Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_full |
Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_fullStr |
Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_sort |
polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by calipso and mls, and modeled by atlas |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 https://doaj.org/article/4ee81be1af14447d94ab00231478d599 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 3311-3325 (2016) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3311/2016/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/4ee81be1af14447d94ab00231478d599 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
3311 |
op_container_end_page |
3325 |
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1766341803706941440 |