High-Resolution Mass Trends of the Antarctic Ice Sheet through a Spectral Combination of Satellite Gravimetry and Radar Altimetry Observations

• Published in: Remote Sensing
• Main Authors: Ingo Sasgen, Hannes Konrad, Veit Helm, Klaus Grosfeld
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019
• Subjects: Mass balance; Ice Sheets; Sea-level Rise; Antarctica; GRACE; CryoSat-2; GRACE-Follow On; GRACE-FO; downward continuation; spectral methods; Science; Q; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11020144; https://doaj.org/article/4e1b325f4a3941fbb252e31ee89b8371

Time-variable gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) missions and satellite altimetry measurements from CryoSat-2 enable independent mass balance estimates of the Earth’s glaciers and ice sheets. Both approaches vary in terms of their retrieval principles and signal-to-noise characteristics. GRACE/GRACE-FO recovers the gravity disturbance caused by changes in the mass of the entire ice sheet with a spatial resolution of 300 to 400 km. In contrast, CryoSat-2measures travel times of a radar signal reflected close to the ice sheet surface, allowing changes of the surface topography to be determined with about 5 km spatial resolution. Here, we present a method to combine observations from the both sensors, taking into account the different signal and noise characteristics of each satellite observation that are dependent on the spatial wavelength. We include uncertainties introduced by the processing and corrections, such as the choice of the re-tracking algorithm and the snow/ice volume density model for CryoSat-2, or the filtering of correlated errors and the correction for glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) for GRACE. We apply our method to the Antarctic ice sheet and the time period 2011–2017, in which GRACE and CryoSat-2 were simultaneously operational, obtaining a total ice mass loss of 178 ± 23 Gt yr−1. We present a map of the rate of mass change with a spatial resolution of 40 km that is evaluable across all spatial scales, and more precise than estimates based on a single satellite mission.