Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach
This study assessed the precipitation recycling and moisture sources in the Colombian Pacific region between 1980–2017, based on the monitoring of moisture in the atmosphere through the Eulerian Water Accounting Model-2 layer (WAM2 layer) and the delimitation of the area contributing to terrestrial...
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MDPI AG
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081202 https://doaj.org/article/4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 2023-05-15T17:35:50+02:00 Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach Angelica M. Enciso Olga Lucia Baquero Daniel Escobar-Carbonari Jeimar Tapasco Wilmar L. Cerón 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081202 https://doaj.org/article/4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1202 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13081202 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 1202, p 1202 (2022) moisture transport evaporation precipitation Pacific region WAM-2 layer precipitationshed Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081202 2022-12-30T22:18:41Z This study assessed the precipitation recycling and moisture sources in the Colombian Pacific region between 1980–2017, based on the monitoring of moisture in the atmosphere through the Eulerian Water Accounting Model-2 layer (WAM2 layer) and the delimitation of the area contributing to terrestrial and oceanic moisture in the region is performed using the “precipitationshed” approach. The results indicate a unimodal precipitation recycling ratio for the North and Central Pacific and Patía-Mira regions, with the highest percentages between March and April, reaching 30% and 34%, respectively, and the lowest between September and October (between 19% and 21%). Moreover, monthly changes in the circulation of the region promote a remarkable variability of the sources that contribute to the precipitation of the study area and the spatial dynamics of the precipitationshed. From December to April, the main contributions come from continental sources in eastern Colombia and Venezuela, the tropical North Atlantic, and the Caribbean Sea, a period of high activity of the Orinoco Low-Level jet. In September, the moisture source region is located over the Pacific Ocean, where a southwesterly cross-equatorial circulation predominates, converging in western Colombia, known as the Choco Jet (CJ), decreasing the continental contribution. An intensified Caribbean Low-Level Jet inhibits moisture sources from the north between June and August, strengthening a southerly cross-equatorial flow from the Amazon River basin and the southeastern tropical Pacific. The March–April (September–October) season of higher (lower) recycling of continental precipitation is related to the weakening (strengthening) of the CJ in the first (second) half of the year, which decreases (increases) the contribution of moisture from the Pacific Ocean to the region, increasing (decreasing) the influence of land-based sources in the study area. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Mira ENVELOPE(10.500,10.500,-70.417,-70.417) Atmosphere 13 8 1202 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
moisture transport evaporation precipitation Pacific region WAM-2 layer precipitationshed Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
moisture transport evaporation precipitation Pacific region WAM-2 layer precipitationshed Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Angelica M. Enciso Olga Lucia Baquero Daniel Escobar-Carbonari Jeimar Tapasco Wilmar L. Cerón Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
topic_facet |
moisture transport evaporation precipitation Pacific region WAM-2 layer precipitationshed Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
This study assessed the precipitation recycling and moisture sources in the Colombian Pacific region between 1980–2017, based on the monitoring of moisture in the atmosphere through the Eulerian Water Accounting Model-2 layer (WAM2 layer) and the delimitation of the area contributing to terrestrial and oceanic moisture in the region is performed using the “precipitationshed” approach. The results indicate a unimodal precipitation recycling ratio for the North and Central Pacific and Patía-Mira regions, with the highest percentages between March and April, reaching 30% and 34%, respectively, and the lowest between September and October (between 19% and 21%). Moreover, monthly changes in the circulation of the region promote a remarkable variability of the sources that contribute to the precipitation of the study area and the spatial dynamics of the precipitationshed. From December to April, the main contributions come from continental sources in eastern Colombia and Venezuela, the tropical North Atlantic, and the Caribbean Sea, a period of high activity of the Orinoco Low-Level jet. In September, the moisture source region is located over the Pacific Ocean, where a southwesterly cross-equatorial circulation predominates, converging in western Colombia, known as the Choco Jet (CJ), decreasing the continental contribution. An intensified Caribbean Low-Level Jet inhibits moisture sources from the north between June and August, strengthening a southerly cross-equatorial flow from the Amazon River basin and the southeastern tropical Pacific. The March–April (September–October) season of higher (lower) recycling of continental precipitation is related to the weakening (strengthening) of the CJ in the first (second) half of the year, which decreases (increases) the contribution of moisture from the Pacific Ocean to the region, increasing (decreasing) the influence of land-based sources in the study area. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Angelica M. Enciso Olga Lucia Baquero Daniel Escobar-Carbonari Jeimar Tapasco Wilmar L. Cerón |
author_facet |
Angelica M. Enciso Olga Lucia Baquero Daniel Escobar-Carbonari Jeimar Tapasco Wilmar L. Cerón |
author_sort |
Angelica M. Enciso |
title |
Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
title_short |
Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
title_full |
Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
title_fullStr |
Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variability of Precipitation Recycling and Moisture Sources over the Colombian Pacific Region: A Precipitationshed Approach |
title_sort |
variability of precipitation recycling and moisture sources over the colombian pacific region: a precipitationshed approach |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081202 https://doaj.org/article/4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(10.500,10.500,-70.417,-70.417) |
geographic |
Pacific Mira |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Mira |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 1202, p 1202 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1202 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13081202 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/4d1f25c8d9fd4fb2a5f5788d789d5b43 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081202 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1202 |
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1766135114919575552 |