Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin
Developing at low mean temperatures, arctic chironomids often have prolonged larval growth yet adult emergence is typically a brief and highly synchronous event. How does a midge population achieve synchronous emergence? Under the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis (AbSS), adult eclosion by early-em...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4cd3d1862e6d400ab41f7f2916fd2151 2023-05-15T14:50:09+02:00 Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin Malcolm G. Butler Shane D. Braegelman 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 https://doaj.org/article/4cd3d1862e6d400ab41f7f2916fd2151 EN eng PAGEPress Publications https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/1836 https://doaj.org/toc/1129-5767 https://doaj.org/toc/1723-8633 doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 1129-5767 1723-8633 https://doaj.org/article/4cd3d1862e6d400ab41f7f2916fd2151 Journal of Limnology (2018) Podonominae Chironomidae Arctic prepupal development emergence synchrony Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 2022-12-30T22:49:20Z Developing at low mean temperatures, arctic chironomids often have prolonged larval growth yet adult emergence is typically a brief and highly synchronous event. How does a midge population achieve synchronous emergence? Under the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis (AbSS), adult eclosion by early-emerging species may be synchronized by overwintering as fully mature larvae. Such prepupal larvae would neither feed nor grow after spring thaw, only pupate and emerge. The podonomine Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin is an abundant midge in tundra ponds on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain, and one of the earliest-emerging species in this chironomid-dominated insect community. T. alaskensis is univoltine in these arctic ponds, with most emergence from any one pond occurring within less than a one-week span during late June, typically about three weeks after pond thaw. We evaluated T. alaskensis for conformity to the AbSS model by documenting the overwintering state of this species in a tundra pond near Barrow, Alaska, then monitoring larval growth and development of the population from spring thaw to pupation. Most T. alaskensis were immature instar IV larvae when collected in late September of both 2010 and 2011, with 10-30% still in late instar III. Immediately after pond thaw in 2011, all collected larvae had imaginal disc primordia showing early stages of instar IV development. Within the first two weeks following pond thaw, most larvae had doubled their dry mass and developed into mature (prepupal) final-instar larvae. Highly synchronized emergence by T. alaskensis is not a consequence of a population overwintering as fully-mature larvae, as per the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis. Rather, larvae in a given tundra pond appear to develop synchronously throughout the life cycle, including a period of substantial growth and rapid prepupal development between spring thaw and early-summer emergence. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Barrow Tundra Alaska Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Limnology |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Podonominae Chironomidae Arctic prepupal development emergence synchrony Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Podonominae Chironomidae Arctic prepupal development emergence synchrony Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Malcolm G. Butler Shane D. Braegelman Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
topic_facet |
Podonominae Chironomidae Arctic prepupal development emergence synchrony Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Physical geography GB3-5030 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Developing at low mean temperatures, arctic chironomids often have prolonged larval growth yet adult emergence is typically a brief and highly synchronous event. How does a midge population achieve synchronous emergence? Under the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis (AbSS), adult eclosion by early-emerging species may be synchronized by overwintering as fully mature larvae. Such prepupal larvae would neither feed nor grow after spring thaw, only pupate and emerge. The podonomine Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin is an abundant midge in tundra ponds on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain, and one of the earliest-emerging species in this chironomid-dominated insect community. T. alaskensis is univoltine in these arctic ponds, with most emergence from any one pond occurring within less than a one-week span during late June, typically about three weeks after pond thaw. We evaluated T. alaskensis for conformity to the AbSS model by documenting the overwintering state of this species in a tundra pond near Barrow, Alaska, then monitoring larval growth and development of the population from spring thaw to pupation. Most T. alaskensis were immature instar IV larvae when collected in late September of both 2010 and 2011, with 10-30% still in late instar III. Immediately after pond thaw in 2011, all collected larvae had imaginal disc primordia showing early stages of instar IV development. Within the first two weeks following pond thaw, most larvae had doubled their dry mass and developed into mature (prepupal) final-instar larvae. Highly synchronized emergence by T. alaskensis is not a consequence of a population overwintering as fully-mature larvae, as per the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis. Rather, larvae in a given tundra pond appear to develop synchronously throughout the life cycle, including a period of substantial growth and rapid prepupal development between spring thaw and early-summer emergence. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Malcolm G. Butler Shane D. Braegelman |
author_facet |
Malcolm G. Butler Shane D. Braegelman |
author_sort |
Malcolm G. Butler |
title |
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
title_short |
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
title_full |
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
title_fullStr |
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin |
title_sort |
pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge trichotanypus alaskensis brundin |
publisher |
PAGEPress Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 https://doaj.org/article/4cd3d1862e6d400ab41f7f2916fd2151 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Barrow Tundra Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barrow Tundra Alaska |
op_source |
Journal of Limnology (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/1836 https://doaj.org/toc/1129-5767 https://doaj.org/toc/1723-8633 doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 1129-5767 1723-8633 https://doaj.org/article/4cd3d1862e6d400ab41f7f2916fd2151 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836 |
container_title |
Journal of Limnology |
_version_ |
1766321212632334336 |