Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas
An ocean mixed-layer model has been incorporated into the Los Alamos sea ice model CICE to investigate regional variations in the surface-driven formation of Antarctic shelf waters. This model captures well the expected sea ice thickness distribution, and produces deep (> 500 m) mixed layers in t...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4cc52b7c6413470ab240e6e3502b90af 2023-05-15T13:39:00+02:00 Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas A. A. Petty P. R. Holland D. L. Feltham 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 https://doaj.org/article/4cc52b7c6413470ab240e6e3502b90af EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/761/2014/tc-8-761-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 https://doaj.org/article/4cc52b7c6413470ab240e6e3502b90af The Cryosphere, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 761-783 (2014) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 2022-12-31T12:01:03Z An ocean mixed-layer model has been incorporated into the Los Alamos sea ice model CICE to investigate regional variations in the surface-driven formation of Antarctic shelf waters. This model captures well the expected sea ice thickness distribution, and produces deep (> 500 m) mixed layers in the Weddell and Ross shelf seas each winter. This results in the complete destratification of the water column in deep southern coastal regions leading to high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) formation, and also in some shallower regions (no HSSW formation) of these seas. Shallower mixed layers are produced in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas. By deconstructing the surface processes driving the mixed-layer depth evolution, we show that the net salt flux from sea ice growth/melt dominates the evolution of the mixed layer in all regions, with a smaller contribution from the surface heat flux and a negligible input from wind stress. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas receive an annual surplus of mixing energy at the surface; the Amundsen shelf sea energy input in autumn/winter is balanced by energy extraction in spring/summer; and the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences an annual surface energy deficit, through both a low energy input in autumn/winter and the highest energy loss in spring/summer. An analysis of the sea ice mass balance demonstrates the contrasting mean ice growth, melt and export in each region. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas have the highest annual ice growth, with a large fraction exported northwards each year, whereas the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences the highest annual ice melt, driven by the advection of ice from the northeast. A linear regression analysis is performed to determine the link between the autumn/winter mixed-layer deepening and several atmospheric variables. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas show stronger spatial correlations (temporal mean – intra-regional variability) between the autumn/winter mixed-layer deepening and several atmospheric variables compared to the Amundsen and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic Weddell The Cryosphere 8 2 761 783 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 A. A. Petty P. R. Holland D. L. Feltham Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
An ocean mixed-layer model has been incorporated into the Los Alamos sea ice model CICE to investigate regional variations in the surface-driven formation of Antarctic shelf waters. This model captures well the expected sea ice thickness distribution, and produces deep (> 500 m) mixed layers in the Weddell and Ross shelf seas each winter. This results in the complete destratification of the water column in deep southern coastal regions leading to high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) formation, and also in some shallower regions (no HSSW formation) of these seas. Shallower mixed layers are produced in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas. By deconstructing the surface processes driving the mixed-layer depth evolution, we show that the net salt flux from sea ice growth/melt dominates the evolution of the mixed layer in all regions, with a smaller contribution from the surface heat flux and a negligible input from wind stress. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas receive an annual surplus of mixing energy at the surface; the Amundsen shelf sea energy input in autumn/winter is balanced by energy extraction in spring/summer; and the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences an annual surface energy deficit, through both a low energy input in autumn/winter and the highest energy loss in spring/summer. An analysis of the sea ice mass balance demonstrates the contrasting mean ice growth, melt and export in each region. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas have the highest annual ice growth, with a large fraction exported northwards each year, whereas the Bellingshausen shelf sea experiences the highest annual ice melt, driven by the advection of ice from the northeast. A linear regression analysis is performed to determine the link between the autumn/winter mixed-layer deepening and several atmospheric variables. The Weddell and Ross shelf seas show stronger spatial correlations (temporal mean – intra-regional variability) between the autumn/winter mixed-layer deepening and several atmospheric variables compared to the Amundsen and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. A. Petty P. R. Holland D. L. Feltham |
author_facet |
A. A. Petty P. R. Holland D. L. Feltham |
author_sort |
A. A. Petty |
title |
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
title_short |
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
title_full |
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
title_fullStr |
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas |
title_sort |
sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the antarctic shelf seas |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 https://doaj.org/article/4cc52b7c6413470ab240e6e3502b90af |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 761-783 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/761/2014/tc-8-761-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 https://doaj.org/article/4cc52b7c6413470ab240e6e3502b90af |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-761-2014 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
761 |
op_container_end_page |
783 |
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1766113774251540480 |