Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease
Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 µvar) and bacterial populations...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:4cb38ebdde754b5ca2c42b01943cf310 2023-05-15T15:58:14+02:00 Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease Bruno ePetton Maxime eBruto Adele eJames Yannick eLabreuche Marianne eAlunno Bruscia Frederique eLe Roux 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 https://doaj.org/article/4cb38ebdde754b5ca2c42b01943cf310 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 https://doaj.org/article/4cb38ebdde754b5ca2c42b01943cf310 Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 6 (2015) Herpes virus experimental infection Summer mortality Pacific oysters vibrio pathogenicity Microbiology QR1-502 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 2022-12-31T02:04:46Z Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 µvar) and bacterial populations of the genus Vibrio. Although the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 µvar, as well as several strains of Vibrio has been demonstrated by experimental infections, our understanding of the complexity of infections occurring in the natural environment remains limited. In the present study, we use specific-pathogen-free (SPF) oysters infected in an estuarine environment to study the diversity and dynamics of cultured microbial populations during disease expression. We observe that rapid Vibrio colonization followed by viral replication precedes oyster death. No correlation was found between the vibrio concentration and viral load in co-infected animals. We show that the quantity of viral DNA is a predictor of mortality, however, in the absence of bacteria, a high load of herpes virus is not sufficient to induce the full expression of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that juvenile mortalities can occur in the absence of herpes virus, indicating that the herpes virus appears neither essential nor sufficient to cause juvenile deaths; whereas bacteria are necessary for the disease. Finally, we demonstrate that oysters are a reservoir of putative pathogens, and that the geographic origin, age, and cultivation method of oysters influence disease expression. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Frontiers in Microbiology 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Herpes virus experimental infection Summer mortality Pacific oysters vibrio pathogenicity Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
Herpes virus experimental infection Summer mortality Pacific oysters vibrio pathogenicity Microbiology QR1-502 Bruno ePetton Maxime eBruto Adele eJames Yannick eLabreuche Marianne eAlunno Bruscia Frederique eLe Roux Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
topic_facet |
Herpes virus experimental infection Summer mortality Pacific oysters vibrio pathogenicity Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 µvar) and bacterial populations of the genus Vibrio. Although the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 µvar, as well as several strains of Vibrio has been demonstrated by experimental infections, our understanding of the complexity of infections occurring in the natural environment remains limited. In the present study, we use specific-pathogen-free (SPF) oysters infected in an estuarine environment to study the diversity and dynamics of cultured microbial populations during disease expression. We observe that rapid Vibrio colonization followed by viral replication precedes oyster death. No correlation was found between the vibrio concentration and viral load in co-infected animals. We show that the quantity of viral DNA is a predictor of mortality, however, in the absence of bacteria, a high load of herpes virus is not sufficient to induce the full expression of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that juvenile mortalities can occur in the absence of herpes virus, indicating that the herpes virus appears neither essential nor sufficient to cause juvenile deaths; whereas bacteria are necessary for the disease. Finally, we demonstrate that oysters are a reservoir of putative pathogens, and that the geographic origin, age, and cultivation method of oysters influence disease expression. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bruno ePetton Maxime eBruto Adele eJames Yannick eLabreuche Marianne eAlunno Bruscia Frederique eLe Roux |
author_facet |
Bruno ePetton Maxime eBruto Adele eJames Yannick eLabreuche Marianne eAlunno Bruscia Frederique eLe Roux |
author_sort |
Bruno ePetton |
title |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_short |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_full |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_fullStr |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_sort |
crassostrea gigas mortality in france: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 https://doaj.org/article/4cb38ebdde754b5ca2c42b01943cf310 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 6 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X 1664-302X doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 https://doaj.org/article/4cb38ebdde754b5ca2c42b01943cf310 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766393966374158336 |